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Physics session > Appendix learning > Flashcards

Appendix learning Flashcards

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1
Q

1 atomic mass unit (AMU) =

A

half the mass of a carbon 12 atom

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2
Q

Max electrons to a shell?

A

2nsquared n= shell number

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3
Q

Kinetic energy =

A

half mass velocity squaraed

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4
Q

Frequency is what relationship to T

A

= 1 / T

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5
Q

Velocity in relaton to wavelength and frequency

A

V = Wavelength x frequency

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6
Q

intensity in relation to frequency

A

I = plancks constant x frequency

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7
Q

intensity in relation to wavelength

A

I = plancks constant / wavelength

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8
Q

How do intensity and distance relate to each other

A

1 / d squared

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9
Q

in XR - how is heat calculated in J

A

= wave form x peak kV x mAs

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10
Q

Temp rise

A

energy applied / heat capacity

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11
Q

Compton probability

A

density / Energy

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12
Q

Photoelectric prob

A

density x atomic number cubed / energy cubed

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13
Q

Factor of reduction

A

2 to the power of HVl

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14
Q

LAC and HVL related how

A

LAC = 0.693 / HVL

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15
Q

MAC

A

= LAC / density

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16
Q

In CR - what is the image place made out of

A

Barium fluohalidate doped with Euopium ions

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17
Q

How thick is the image plate in CR

A

0.3mm

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18
Q

DQE =

A

SNR out squared / snr in squared

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19
Q

In DR what are the scintillators made out of

A

Indirect -
Caesium iodide with thallium
Matrix is made of amorpheus silicone with Hydrogen

Direct -
amorpheus Selenium

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20
Q

Indirect scintillator is what and gives off what colour wavelength

A

Green

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21
Q

What is the equation of Fill factor

A

sensitive area / total area

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22
Q

what is the compression on mammography

A

usually 100 - 150 N

max 200N

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23
Q

What are the different focal spot sizes?

A

Normal radiography is 1mm

mammography

  • borad 0.3mm
  • fine 0.1mm
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24
Q

mammo focus to film distance is always

A

65cm

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25
Q

In Fluro - what is the input made out of (both)

A

aluminium or titanium foil

Sodium activitated Caesium iodide
(400-500microm thick)

BLUE light

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26
Q

what kind of light does the fluro input make

A

blue

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27
Q

In fluro what is the photocathode?

A

Anitmony caesium

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28
Q

What is the output screen made of in fluro?

A

Silver activated cadmium sulphide

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29
Q

How thick is the output in fluro

A

a few micrometeres only

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30
Q

Gain brightness in fluro =

A

minification xx flux

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31
Q

in fluro - minification

A

= (input diameter/output) squared

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32
Q

In Fluro - image intensifier CONVERSION factor =

A

Luminance of the output / entrance dose rate

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33
Q

Normal minification factor

A

100

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34
Q

normal flux factor

A

100

35
Q

Conversion factor in the region of

A

10 - 30

36
Q

Tungstan atomic number and k edge

A

74

k edge ??

37
Q

Molybdenum K edge

A

20

38
Q

Rhodium k edge

A

23.3

39
Q

SNR

A

1 / square root of photons

40
Q

Geometric unsharpness / penumbra equation

A

Focal spot size x Focus to film distance / focus to object

41
Q

in radiography - magnification equation

A

image size/object size = distance to image / distance to detector / distance to object

42
Q

Sampling frequency in relation to Nyquist limit?

A

Sampling frequency = 2 x Nyquist frequency

43
Q

in CT imaging detector array - how many rows and detectors in each row

A

8 - 64 row with 800 detectors per row

44
Q

what is pitch?

A

the movement of the table per rotation / width of acquired slices

45
Q

How is Hounsefield units worked out?

A

1000 x (tissue - water / water)

46
Q

Equation for pixel size in CT

A

= FOV / image matrix size

47
Q

CTDI is what

A

dose to the detector from a single rotation

48
Q

CTDIw is what

A

spatial variatio nadjusted dose. 1/3 centre 2/3 periphery

49
Q

CTDIvol

A

CTDIw /pitch (accounts for the amount radiated due to pitch)

50
Q

DLP

A

CTDI vol x distance scanned

51
Q

DLP units

A

mGy / cm

52
Q

in CT effective dose

A

DLP x E (e is the value for that region receiving XR)

53
Q

Aduible sound waves are where>

A

20 to 20 000 Hz

54
Q

Speed of sound in tissue

A

1540m/s

55
Q

US is what range of F

A

2 - 18 MEGA H

56
Q

velocity =

A

square root of rigidity /desnity

57
Q

velocity (relation to frequency and wavelength)

A

f x wavelength

58
Q

Intensity (dB ratio)

A

10 log to the power 10 (intensity1 / intesnity 2).

59
Q

Acoustic impedence =

A

density x speed of sound in that material

60
Q

Acoustic impednance units

A

Kg m-2 s-1

61
Q

Reflection coefficient

A

Z2 - Z1 all squared / Z2 plus Z1 all squared

62
Q

Beam weight in US

A

focal length x wavelength / diamter of PZT crystal

63
Q

what is the equation for Resistive Index

A

peak systolic frequency - end diastolic frequency / peak systolic frequency

64
Q

Pulsatility index =

A

peak systolic - minimum frequency / time avaraged max frequency

65
Q

What is the RI in a normal resistive artery

A

0.6

66
Q

Abnormal resistive artery

A

0.8 - 1.0

67
Q

Nyquist limit in doppler

A

PRF / 2

68
Q

PZT is what thickness

A

half a wavelenth

69
Q

matching layer is what thickness

A

quarter of a wavelength

70
Q

Near field distance =

A

Diameter of transducer squared / 4 x wavelenth.

or radius squared / wavelenth

71
Q

PRF =

A

frame rate x lines per frame

72
Q

Distance of wave

A

= time x velocity x 0.5

73
Q

depth of view

A

= 0.5 x sound velocity / PRF

74
Q

What is TI

A

power emitted / that required to increase temp by 1 degree.

75
Q

What should TI be?

A

less than 0.5

76
Q

What is MI?

A

peak negative pressure / square root of ultrasound frequency.

77
Q

What should by MI be less than?

A

0.7

78
Q

Time averaged intensity

A

100 mW cm -2

79
Q

Total sound energy in US

A

less than 50 J cm -2

80
Q

Larmor equation =

A

precessional frequency = GM ratio x B0

81
Q

Precessional frequency at 1 Tesla

A

42MHz

82
Q

T1 is

A

time to recover 63% of B0

83
Q

T2 is

A

time for transverse to lose 63%

Physics session (6 decks)

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