Appendix C Flashcards
What does DNS stand for
Domain Name System
What port does DNS operate on
Both TCP & UDP 53
How does DNS work
User sends a single UDP packet to the server
Server responds with a single UDP packet
What is a DNS Zone Transfer
A method of copying the DNS database across multiple DNS a set of DNS servers.
What two types of DNS Zone Transfers are there
AXFR : Full
IXFR : Incremental
How does a DNS Zone Transfer Work
The actual data transfer process begins by the client sending a query (opcode 0) with the special QTYPE (query type) AXFR (value 252) over the TCP connection to the server.
The server responds with a series of response messages, comprising all of the resource records for every domain name in the “zone”.
The first response comprises the SOA resource record for the zone apex.
The other data follows in no specified order. The end of the data is signalled by the server repeating the response containing the SOA resource record for the zone apex.
What does SOA stand for
Start of Authority, multiple fields which specify what parts of the naming hierarchy a server implements. Includes the primary NS, the domain serial number, email address of admin, and refresh timing info.
What does MX stand for
Mail Exchange, 16 bit preference and name of the host that acts as a mail exchange server for a domain, i.e. mail.domain.com
What does TXT stand for
Text, Uninterpreted string of ASCII text
What does A stand for
Address, 32 bit IP address of the host or domain
What does NS stand for
Name Server, Authoritive name server for the domain
What does PTR stand for
Pointer, symbolic link for a domain i.e. net.domain.com points to www.domain.com
What does HINFO stand for
Host Information, Name of CPU and OS
What does CNAME stand for
Canonical Name, canonical domain name
What does AAAA stand for
AAAA (IPv6 Address Record) returns the 128bit IPv6 address
What does DNAME stand for
Delegation Name, similar to CNAME. However, CNAME links to one exact other name whereas DNAME links to a name and all subnames.
How would you exclude results from a Google search
You can exclude words from your search by using the - operator; any word in your query preceded by the - sign is automatically excluded from the search results. Remember to always include a space before the - sign, and none after.
How would you search for an exact phrase from a Google search
Put quotation marks around words “[any word]” to search for an exact phrase in an exact order. Keep in mind that searching with quotes might exclude relevant results. For instance, a search for “Alexander Bell” will miss pages that refer to Alexander G. Bell.
How would you search for results from a specific website
Add “site:time.com” (or “site:nbc.com” or whichever site you want to search) after your search term,
How would you search for links to a specific website
site:www.smallbusinesshub.com “inbound marketing”
How would you search for sites relating to a website
related:visual.ly
How would you search for variations of a phrase
use an asterix in the middle of the sentence and double quotes
i..e “* living for today”
How would you search for either word
Use the word “and” between all the words in your query.
How would you search a number range
You can perform a Numrange search on any sequential set of numbers by typing two periods between the numbers without any spaces. For example, you could search with the key phrases:
fashion icons 1920..1960
cars 30..50 mpg
computer $500..$800
How would you get information relating to the domain
info: The query [info:] will present some information that Google has about that web
page. For instance, [info:www.google.com] will show information about the Google
homepage. Note there can be no space between the “info:” and the web page url.
How would you search for cached versions of a website
cache: If you include other words in the query, Google will highlight those words within
the cached document. For instance, [cache:www.google.com web] will show the cached
content with the word “web” highlighted.
What port is used for NNTP
TCP/199
What port is used for NNTPS
TCP/563
What is NNTP
The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is an application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles (netnews) between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications.
