Appendix C Flashcards
What does DNS stand for
Domain Name System
What port does DNS operate on
Both TCP & UDP 53
How does DNS work
User sends a single UDP packet to the server
Server responds with a single UDP packet
What is a DNS Zone Transfer
A method of copying the DNS database across multiple DNS a set of DNS servers.
What two types of DNS Zone Transfers are there
AXFR : Full
IXFR : Incremental
How does a DNS Zone Transfer Work
The actual data transfer process begins by the client sending a query (opcode 0) with the special QTYPE (query type) AXFR (value 252) over the TCP connection to the server.
The server responds with a series of response messages, comprising all of the resource records for every domain name in the “zone”.
The first response comprises the SOA resource record for the zone apex.
The other data follows in no specified order. The end of the data is signalled by the server repeating the response containing the SOA resource record for the zone apex.
What does SOA stand for
Start of Authority, multiple fields which specify what parts of the naming hierarchy a server implements. Includes the primary NS, the domain serial number, email address of admin, and refresh timing info.
What does MX stand for
Mail Exchange, 16 bit preference and name of the host that acts as a mail exchange server for a domain, i.e. mail.domain.com
What does TXT stand for
Text, Uninterpreted string of ASCII text
What does A stand for
Address, 32 bit IP address of the host or domain
What does NS stand for
Name Server, Authoritive name server for the domain
What does PTR stand for
Pointer, symbolic link for a domain i.e. net.domain.com points to www.domain.com
What does HINFO stand for
Host Information, Name of CPU and OS
What does CNAME stand for
Canonical Name, canonical domain name
What does AAAA stand for
AAAA (IPv6 Address Record) returns the 128bit IPv6 address
What does DNAME stand for
Delegation Name, similar to CNAME. However, CNAME links to one exact other name whereas DNAME links to a name and all subnames.
How would you exclude results from a Google search
- operator
By adding a dash prior to a word, this will exclude all results which include that word
How would you search for an exact phrase from a Google search
”” operator
By searching for a phrase within quotation marks
How would you search for results from a specific website
site: operator
By using site:domain followed by the search query, Google will only search this site for the query
How would you search for links to a specific website
link: opeartor
By using link:query this will search for sites that use this link
How would you search for sites relating to a website
related: operator
By using related:query this will search for related websites
How would you search for variations of a phrase
- operator used in conjunction with quotation marks will search for variations of a phrase
i. e “the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy *”
How would you search for either word
OR operator
Must be in caps
How would you search a number range
.. operator
i.e 1..10
How would you get information relating to the domain
info: operator
By using info:domain this will search for information relating to that domain including cached versions
How would you search for cached versions of a website
cache: operator
By using cache:domain this will show what the page looked like the last time Google crawled it
What port is used for NNTP
TCP 119
What port is used for NNTPS
TCP 563
What is NNTP
Network News Transfer Protocol, used for transporting usenet news articles between server and clients.
