Appendix and colon tumors Flashcards
Appendix tumors are very ___ and are usually discovered accidently post ___.
rare
appendectomy
What is the most and second most common tumors in the appendix?
carcinoid
AC
The ___ of the appendix tumor is the best predictor to the level of its aggressiveness and malignancy
size
Appendix carcinoid tumor < 1 cm should be treated as a ___ tumor- treating with regular ___
benign
appendectomy
Appendix carcinoid tumor > 2 cm should be treated aggressively with ____ and regional ___
right hemicolectomy
lymphadenectomy
Appendix AC should be treated like AC of the cecum with- ____ and regional ___. We can also use adjuvant treatment of ____
right hemicolectomy
lymphadenectomy
FOLFOX (5 fu, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)
When finding cyst in the appendix, we should consider ___ tumor. Beware of leakage to prevent ___
mucinous
seeding
Colon polyps frequency increase with ___
age
__% of the polyps are found in the ___
50
rectum-sigmoid
Most colon polyps are ____, but may cause rectal ___ and ___
asymptomatic
bleeding
constipation
How can we characterize polyps as ___ or ___
non-neoplastic
neoplastic
Non-neoplastic polyps can be: (3)
inflammatory
hamartomatous
hyperplastic
Neoplastic polyps can be: (2)
adenomas
adenocarcinoma
2/3 of all polyps in the colon are of ___ type
adenoma
Inflammatory polyps develop in the ___ are called solitary ___ ___ syndrome and may lead to damage to the ___ sphincter, long lasting ___ leading to ___
rectum rectal ulcer anorectal constipation ulceration
Juvenile tumors are ___, usually found in the ___ and characterized with rectal ___, usually in children < age of ___
pedunculated
rectum
bleeding
5
Peutz- Jeghers syndrome is __ with large ___ polyps scattered all around the GI. It leads to increased risk for different cancers
AD
pedunculated
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome ____tumors all along the GI with cutaneous ___, alopecia, nail ___, and ___ atrophy. This has no genetic disorder and not malignancy potential.
hamartomatous
hyperpigmentation
atrophy
tonsils
Name the 3 hamartomatous polyps
juvenile polyps
Peutz- Jeghers syndrome
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome
What are the most common non neoplastic polyps?
Hyperplastic
Hyperplastic polyps are usually found at the ages of __-__. It is an epithelial hyperplasia with ___ malignancy potential. Their hallmark is ___, usually located on the __ colon.
50-60
no
serrated
left (recto sigma)
Adenomatous polyps has ___ characteristics with risk to convert into ___
dysplastic
CRC
What are the macroscopic strictures of polyps? (2)
sessile :(
pedunculated :)
What kind of histological types adenomas can present with?
___ (65-80%)
___ (5-10%)
___ (10-25%)
Tubular (peduncular)
villous (sessile)
mixed
When performing pathology to the polyp, we need > __% to determine the type. If < ___% then mixed
80
60
The ___ the adenoma, the ___ likely it will progress to malignancy
bigger
more
Advanced (invasive) adenoma is defined by high grade ___ / > __cm / ___
dysplasia
1
villous
Treating all polyps includes ___ using ___ when performing ___
resection
snare
colonoscopy
Safe removal of polyp requires __ mm of clean margins
2
Invasive adenocarcinoma penetrates through the MM (___) and can ___
muscularis mucosa
metastasize
Non-invasive adenocarcinoma = carcinoma _____
in situ
Which classification is used for cancerous polyps?
Haggitt
Every sessile polyp with invasive carcinoma is considered level __
4
