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Neuroanatomy > Appendix A Terms > Flashcards

Appendix A Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum in which man is classified

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1
Q

Chordata

A

Phylum in which man is classified

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2
Q

Mammalia

A

Class in which man is classified

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3
Q

Primate

A

Order in which man is classified

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4
Q

Homo sapiens

A

proper way to write the genus and species of man

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5
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

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6
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”

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7
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri

A

Pituitary gland (entire structure)

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8
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

Pineal gland (body)

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9
Q

Embryo

A

the name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation

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10
Q

Fetus

A

Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)

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11
Q

Neonate

A

The newborn infant (at this point we prefer calling them Fred, Sally, etc)

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12
Q

Dentate

A

notched or toothlike

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13
Q

arcuate

A

arranged like an arch

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14
Q

Striae

A

a groove or streak like formation

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15
Q

Rectus

A

Means straight

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16
Q

Reticular

A

Net-like

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17
Q

Fissure

A

A relatively deep groove

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18
Q

Sulcus

A

A relatively shallow groove

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19
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum

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20
Q

Folia

A

Small page like gyri of the cerebellum

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21
Q

Nuclei

A

As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

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22
Q

Ganglia

A

A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)

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23
Q

Neuron

A

a nerve cell

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24
Q

Perikaryon

A

Used synonymously with the “cell body” (soma) of the neuron

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25
Q

Axon

A

A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)

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26
Q

Dendrite

A

A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body

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27
Q

Fiber

A

If a neuron has a dominantly long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a “fiber”. It may be designated also as a “nerve fiber” or a “neuron fiber”

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28
Q

Nerve

A

These are the whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body’s parts.

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29
Q

Ramus

A

Literally means “a branch”. In neurology we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, etc.

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30
Q

Axolemma

A

Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon

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31
Q

Neurilemma

A

A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)

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32
Q

Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)

A

Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina

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33
Q

Leptomeninx

A

Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater

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34
Q

Pachymeninx

A

Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater

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35
Q

Somesthetic

A

To sense the body

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36
Q

Modality

A

A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.

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37
Q

Proprioception

A

The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

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38
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

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39
Q

Adrenergic

A

The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site

40
Q

Cholinergic

A

The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site

41
Q

Chiasma

A

A crossing, usually relating to the crossing of the optic fibers (eg, optic chiasma)

42
Q

Decussation

A

A crossing, used more liberally to indicate crossing of fiber and tracts in the CNS

43
Q

Contralateral

A

To the opposite side

44
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

45
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body

46
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body.

47
Q

Fugal

A

Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix. E.g- pallidalfugal (away from the pallidal nuclei)

48
Q

Lesion

A

Any type of injury, damage or “hurt” can be called a lesion

49
Q

Myelopathy

A

Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)

50
Q

Necrosis

A

Deadness. Death of cells or tissue.

51
Q

Neoplasm

A

Any new abnormal growth

52
Q

Malignant

A

Spreading life threatening neoplasm

53
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissue

54
Q

Idiopathic

A

Generally used to mean something of unknown cause

55
Q

Ischemia

A

Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis.

56
Q

Hematoma

A

An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels

57
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen

58
Q

Stroke

A

Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage

59
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes

60
Q

Myelography

A

X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF

61
Q

Ataxia

A

General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

62
Q

Paralysis

A

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

63
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs

64
Q

Dysphasia

A

A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

65
Q

Archi

A

Prefix meaning beginning or original

66
Q

Paleo

A

Prefix meaning “old” similar to but not used interchangeably with “archi” in the CNS

67
Q

Neo

A

Prefix meaning “new” usually in contrast to archi or paleo

68
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses’ Tail

69
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

70
Q

Cornu

A

Horn-like projection (cornua is plural)

71
Q

Crus

A

Leg or Leg-like

72
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

The pattern of cell arrangements

73
Q

Falx

A

sickle-shaped (falces is plural)

74
Q

Fenestra

A

window-like

75
Q

Foramen

A

opening

76
Q

Glial

A

literally means “glue like”. Several CNS cell types are included as glial cells

77
Q

Micron

A

A metric system unit of length. The word means “small” and is measured at 1x100^-6 meters is its abbreviation (micron and micrometer are synonyms terms)

78
Q

Operculum

A

means lid or covering

79
Q

Pallium

A

to “cloak”. Used synonymously with “cortex” (eg - cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)

80
Q

Pons

A

Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)

81
Q

BBB

A

blood brain barrier

82
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid

83
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

84
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

85
Q

RIND

A

reversible ischemic neurologic deficit

86
Q

DRG

A

dorsal root ganglia

87
Q

IVF

A

intervertebral foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)

88
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves

89
Q

CAT

A

Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs x-rays and is widely used)

90
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecule)

91
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)

92
Q

M.O.

A

Medulla oblongata

93
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

94
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh’s Disease)

95
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter

96
Q

ACH

A

acetylcholine (first neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS)

97
Q

Aqueduct

A

passageway, e.g. - cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)

98
Q

Central Canal

A

A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

Neuroanatomy (1 decks)

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