Appendix A Terms Flashcards
0
Q
Vertebrata
A
Subphylum in which man is classified
1
Q
Chordata
A
Phylum in which man is classified
2
Q
Mammalia
A
Class in which man is classified
3
Q
Primate
A
Order in which man is classified
4
Q
Homo sapiens
A
proper way to write the genus and species of man
5
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
6
Q
Neurohypophysis
A
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
7
Q
Hypophysis Cerebri
A
Pituitary gland (entire structure)
8
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri
A
Pineal gland (body)
9
Q
Embryo
A
the name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation
10
Q
Fetus
A
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
11
Q
Neonate
A
The newborn infant (at this point we prefer calling them Fred, Sally, etc)
12
Q
Dentate
A
notched or toothlike
13
Q
arcuate
A
arranged like an arch
14
Q
Striae
A
a groove or streak like formation
15
Q
Rectus
A
Means straight
16
Q
Reticular
A
Net-like
17
Q
Fissure
A
A relatively deep groove
18
Q
Sulcus
A
A relatively shallow groove
19
Q
Gyrus
A
Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum
20
Q
Folia
A
Small page like gyri of the cerebellum
21
Q
Nuclei
A
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
22
Q
Ganglia
A
A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)
23
Q
Neuron
A
a nerve cell
24
Perikaryon
Used synonymously with the "cell body" (soma) of the neuron
25
Axon
A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)
26
Dendrite
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body
27
Fiber
If a neuron has a dominantly long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a "fiber". It may be designated also as a "nerve fiber" or a "neuron fiber"
28
Nerve
These are the whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body's parts.
29
Ramus
Literally means "a branch". In neurology we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, etc.
30
Axolemma
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon
31
Neurilemma
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)
32
Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)
Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
33
Leptomeninx
Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater
34
Pachymeninx
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater
35
Somesthetic
To sense the body
36
Modality
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.
37
Proprioception
The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
38
Kinesthesia
The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
39
Adrenergic
The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site
40
Cholinergic
The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site
41
Chiasma
A crossing, usually relating to the crossing of the optic fibers (eg, optic chiasma)
42
Decussation
A crossing, used more liberally to indicate crossing of fiber and tracts in the CNS
43
Contralateral
To the opposite side
44
Ipsilateral
On the same side
45
Anterograde
Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body
46
Retrograde
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body.
47
Fugal
Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix. E.g- pallidalfugal (away from the pallidal nuclei)
48
Lesion
Any type of injury, damage or "hurt" can be called a lesion
49
Myelopathy
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
50
Necrosis
Deadness. Death of cells or tissue.
51
Neoplasm
Any new abnormal growth
52
Malignant
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
53
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissue
54
Idiopathic
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
55
Ischemia
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis.
56
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels
57
Aneurysm
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen
58
Stroke
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage
59
Angiography
X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
60
Myelography
X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF
61
Ataxia
General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
62
Paralysis
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
63
Aphasia
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs
64
Dysphasia
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
65
Archi
Prefix meaning beginning or original
66
Paleo
Prefix meaning "old" similar to but not used interchangeably with "archi" in the CNS
67
Neo
Prefix meaning "new" usually in contrast to archi or paleo
68
Cauda Equina
Horses' Tail
69
Cephalgia
Headache
70
Cornu
Horn-like projection (cornua is plural)
71
Crus
Leg or Leg-like
72
Cytoarchitecture
The pattern of cell arrangements
73
Falx
sickle-shaped (falces is plural)
74
Fenestra
window-like
75
Foramen
opening
76
Glial
literally means "glue like". Several CNS cell types are included as glial cells
77
Micron
A metric system unit of length. The word means "small" and is measured at 1x100^-6 meters is its abbreviation (micron and micrometer are synonyms terms)
78
Operculum
means lid or covering
79
Pallium
to "cloak". Used synonymously with "cortex" (eg - cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)
80
Pons
Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)
81
BBB
blood brain barrier
82
CSF
cerebral spinal fluid
83
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
84
TIA
transient ischemic attack
85
RIND
reversible ischemic neurologic deficit
86
DRG
dorsal root ganglia
87
IVF
intervertebral foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
88
EEG
Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
89
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs x-rays and is widely used)
90
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecule)
91
PET
Positron Emission Tomography (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)
92
M.O.
Medulla oblongata
93
MS
multiple sclerosis
94
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh's Disease)
95
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
96
ACH
acetylcholine (first neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS)
97
Aqueduct
passageway, e.g. - cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
98
Central Canal
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
