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CNS I > Appendix A > Flashcards

Appendix A Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum in which man is classified

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2
Q

Mammalia

A

Class in which man is classified

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3
Q

Primate

A

Order in which man is classified

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4
Q

Homo Sapiens

A

Proper way to write the genus and species of man

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5
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

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6
Q

Neurophysis

A

The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”

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7
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri

A

Pituitary gland (entire structure)

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8
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

pineal gland (body)

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9
Q

Embryo

A

The name given to the developing human prior to the end of the 2nd month of gestation

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10
Q

Fetus

A

Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)

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11
Q

Neonate

A

The newborn infant (usually given a name by this point)

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12
Q

Dentate

A

Notched or toothlike

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13
Q

Arcuate

A

Arranged like an arch

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14
Q

Striae (striatal)

A

A groove or streak-like formation

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15
Q

Rectus

A

Means straight

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16
Q

Reticular

A

Net-like

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17
Q

Fissure

A

A relatively deep groove

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18
Q

Sulcus

A

A relatively shallow groove (infolding)

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19
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous covolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissure of the cerebrum

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20
Q

Folia

A

Small page like gyri of the cerebellum

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21
Q

Nuclei

A

As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

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22
Q

Ganglia

A

a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (few exceptions in the CNS)

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23
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

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24
Q

Perikaryon

A

Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron

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25
Q

Axon

A

a process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)

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26
Q

Chordata

A

Phylum in which man is classified

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27
Q

Hillock

A

a small prominence or elevation

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28
Q

Dendrite

A

A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or imulse toward the cell body

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29
Q

Fiber

A

If a neuron has a dominately long process that process can be called a “fiber” also known as nerve fiber or nerve fiber

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30
Q

Nerve

A

These are the whitish appearing PNS structures fulled with neuron fibers which innervate the body’s parts

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31
Q

Ramus

A

Literally means a branch. in neurology we call the major branches off the soinal nerve trunks the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, and ventral ramus.

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32
Q

Axolemma

A

Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane of an axon

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33
Q

Neurilemma

A

A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)

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34
Q

Vertebral canal ( Neural canal)

A

Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina

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35
Q

Central Canal

A

a Tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

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36
Q

Aqueduct

A

passageway i.e “ cerebral aqueduct”

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37
Q

Leptomeninx

A

Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid matter and pia matters

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38
Q

Pachyneninx

A

Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura matter

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39
Q

Somesthetic

A

to sense the body

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40
Q

Modality

A

A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc

41
Q

Proprioception

A

the modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement.

42
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement.

43
Q

Adrenergic

A

the releasing of adrenalin-like molecules at a target site

44
Q

Chollinergic

A

the releasing of choline like (acetlycholine) molecules at a target site

45
Q

Chiasma

A

a crossing - usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (optic chiasma )

46
Q

Decussation

A

a crossing, usually more liberally to indicate crossing fibers and tracts in the CNS

47
Q

Contralateral

A

to the opposite side

48
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

49
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward, in neurology ofteh refers to going away from the neuron cell body

50
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body

51
Q

Fugal

A

traveling away from, used often as a suffix e.g. pallidfugal - away from the pallidal nuceli

52
Q

Lesion

A

Any type of injury, damage or “hurt” can be called a lesion

53
Q

Myelopathy

A

Lesion of the spinal cord

54
Q

Necrosis

A

Deadness, Death of cells or tissue

55
Q

Neoplasm (tumor)

A

any new abnormal growth

56
Q

Malignant

A

Spreading life threatening neoplasm

57
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissue

58
Q

Idiopathic

A

Generally used to mean something of unknown cause

59
Q

Ischemia

A

Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis

60
Q

Hematoma

A

An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels

61
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal dilation of blood vessel wall and its lumen ( forms a blood vessel containing sac)

62
Q

Stroke

A

Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to per,anent or prolonged brain damage

63
Q

Angiography

A

X-Ray of blood vessel injected with radiopaque dyes

64
Q

Myelography

A

X-Ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF

65
Q

Ataxia

A

General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

66
Q

Paralysis

A

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

67
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs

68
Q

Dysphasia

A

A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

69
Q

Archi

A

Prefix meaning beginning or original

70
Q

Paleo

A

prefix meaning old - similar to but not used interchangeably with “archi” in the CNS

71
Q

Neo

A

Prefix meaning new- used in contrast to archi or paleo

72
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses’ tail

73
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

74
Q

cornu

cornua - plural

A

Horn-like projection

75
Q

Crus

A

Leg or leg-like

76
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

The pattern of cell arrangements

77
Q

Falx

Falces is plural

A

Sickle shaped

78
Q

Fenestra

A

Window like

79
Q

Foramen

A

Opening ( such as Foramen Magnum )

80
Q

Glial

A

Literally means “glue like”. several CNS cell types are included as glial cells

81
Q

Micron

A

A metric system unit of length. The word means small and is measured at 1x10-6 m (its abbrevation)

82
Q

Operculum

A

Means lid or covering

83
Q

Pallium

A

to “cloak”. Used synonymously with “cortex”

84
Q

Pons

A

Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain

85
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

86
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

87
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

88
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack - often proceeds to CVA or RIND ( reversible ischemic neurologic deficit)

89
Q

DRG

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

90
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral Foramen ( opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)

91
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram ( graph ). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves

92
Q

CAT

A

Computerized Axial Tomography device ( employs x-rays and is widely used)

93
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( utilized large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)

94
Q

PET

A

Positron emission Tomography ( device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis )

95
Q

M.O.

A

Medulla Oblongata

96
Q

M.S.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

97
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral SClerosis ( lou gehrigs disease)

98
Q

GABA

A

GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter

99
Q

ACH

A

Acetylcholine ( first neurotransmitter identified- widespread in CNS and PNS )

CNS I (1 decks)

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