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Neuroanatomy > Appendix A > Flashcards

Appendix A Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum in which man is classified

A

Chordata

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2
Q

Subphylum in which man is classified

A

Vertebrata

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3
Q

Class in which man is classified

A

Mammalia

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4
Q

Order in which man is classified

A

Primate

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5
Q

Proper way to write the genus and species of man

A

Homo sapiens

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6
Q

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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7
Q

The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”

A

Neurohypophysis

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8
Q

Pituitary gland (entire structure)

A

Hypophysis Cerebri

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9
Q

Pineal gland (body)

A

Epiphysis Cerebri

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10
Q

The name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation

A

Embryo

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11
Q

Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)

A

Fetus

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12
Q

The newborn infant (at this point, we prefer calling them, Fred, Sally, etc.)

A

Neonate

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13
Q

Notched or toothlike

A

Dentate

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14
Q

Arranged like an arch

A

Arcuate

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15
Q

A groove or streak-like formation

A

Striae (straital)

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16
Q

Means straight

A

Rectus

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17
Q

Net-like

A

Reticular

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18
Q

A relatively deep groove (infolding)

A

Fissure

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19
Q

A relatively shallow groove (infolding)

A

Sulcus

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20
Q

Tortuous convulsion. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum

A

Gyrus

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21
Q

Small page-like gyri of the cerebellum

A

Folia

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22
Q

As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

A

Nuclei

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23
Q

A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions to exist within the CNS)

A

Ganglia

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24
Q

A nerve cell

A

Neuron

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25
Q

Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron

A

Perikaryon

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26
Q

The process of a neuron which carries the impulses away from the cell body (perikaryon)

A

Axon

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27
Q

A small prominence or elevation

A

Hillock

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28
Q

A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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29
Q

If a neuron has a dominantly, long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a..

A

Fiber

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30
Q

These are the whitish, appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers, which innervate the body’s parts

A

Nerve

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31
Q

Literally means a branch. In neurology we can call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white _____, gray _____, dorsal _____, ventral _____, etc.

A

Ramus

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32
Q

Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon

A

Axolemma

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33
Q

A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)

A

Neurilemma

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34
Q

Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina

A

Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)

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35
Q

A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

A

Central Canal

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36
Q

Passageway, eg - Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)

A

Aqueduct

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37
Q

Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid matter and pia matter

A

Leptomeninx

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38
Q

Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura matter

A

Pachymeninx

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39
Q

To sense the body

A

Somesthetic

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40
Q

A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.

41
Q

The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

A

Propioception

42
Q

The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

A

Kinesthesia

43
Q

The releasing of adrenaline-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site

A

Adrenergic

44
Q

The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site

A

Cholinergic

45
Q

A crossing - usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers

46
Q

A crossing - used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS

A

Decussation

47
Q

The opposite side

A

Contralateral

48
Q

On the same side

A

Ipsilateral

49
Q

Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body

A

Anterograde

50
Q

Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back towards the cell body

A

Retrograde

51
Q

Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix

52
Q

Any type of injury, damage, or “hurt” that can be a…

53
Q

Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)

A

Myelopathy

54
Q

Deadness. Death of cells or tissue

55
Q

An new abnormal growth

56
Q

Transferring to other tissue

A

Metastatic

57
Q

Generally used to mean something of unknown cause

A

Idiopathic

58
Q

Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis

59
Q

An accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels

60
Q

An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)

61
Q

Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident)

62
Q

X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes

A

Angiography

63
Q

X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF

A

Myelography

64
Q

General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

65
Q

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

66
Q

Inability to communicate by speech, writing, or signs

67
Q

A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

68
Q

Prefix meaning beginning or original

69
Q

Prefix meaning “old” - similar to but not used interchangeably with our “Archi” in the CNS

70
Q

Prefix meaning “new” - usually in contrast to Archi or Paleo

71
Q

Horses’ Tail

A

Cauda Equina

72
Q

Headache

A

Cephalgia (or cephalalgia)

73
Q

Horn-like projection

74
Q

Leg or leg-like

75
Q

The pattern of cell arrangements

A

Cytoarchitecture

76
Q

Sickle-shaped

77
Q

Window-like

78
Q

Opening

79
Q

Literally means “glue-like”

80
Q

A metric system unit of length. The word means “small” and is measured at 1×10^-6 meters

81
Q

Means lid or covering

82
Q

To “cloak”. Used synonymously with “cortex”

83
Q

Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)

84
Q

BBB stands for

A

Blood brain barrier

85
Q

CSF stands for

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

86
Q

CVA stands for

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

87
Q

TIA stands for

A

Transient Ischemic Attach (often precedes the the CVA) or RIND reversible ischemic neurological deficit

88
Q

DRG stands for

A

Dorsal root ganglia

89
Q

IVF stands for

A

Intervertebral foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)

90
Q

EEG stands for

A

Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves

91
Q

CAT stands for

A

Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-rays and is widely used)

92
Q

MRI stands for

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)

93
Q

PET stands for

A

Positron emission tomography device (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)

94
Q

M.O. stands for

A

Medulla Oblangata

95
Q

M.S. stands for

A

Multiple Sclerosis

96
Q

ALS stands for

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh’s Disease)

97
Q

GABA stands for

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter

98
Q

ACH stands for

A

Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS)

Neuroanatomy (1 decks)

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