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Neuroanatomy 1 > Appendix A > Flashcards

Appendix A Flashcards

1
Q

What does Chordata mean?

A

Phylum in which man is classified in

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2
Q

What does Vertebrata mean?

A

Subphylum that man is classified in

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3
Q

Mammalia

A

Class that man is classified in

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4
Q

Primate

A

Order that man is classified in

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5
Q

Homo Sapiens

A

Correct or proper way to write the genus and species of man

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6
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

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7
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

The posterior part of the pituitary gland

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8
Q

Another name for neurohypophysis is the “____ ____.”

A

pars nervosa

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9
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri

A

Entire pituitary gland

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10
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

The body of the pineal gland

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11
Q

Embryo

A

A developing human before the end of the 2nd month of gestation

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12
Q

Fetus

A

The name of a developing baby after the 2nd month and through birth (AKA: parturition)

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13
Q

Neonate

A

A newborn infant for the first year

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14
Q

Dentate

A

Notched or toothlike

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15
Q

Arcuate

A

Arranged like an arch

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16
Q

Striae

A

A groove or streak-like formation

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17
Q

Rectus

A

Means straight

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18
Q

Reticular

A

Net-like - A spider is particular in its web formation, so reticular is particular because it’s net/like as in a spiders web

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19
Q

Fissure

A

A deep groove

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20
Q

Sulcus

A

A shallow groove. S for Shallow.

Shallow Sulcus dug a hole in the backyard with some shallow grooves around the hole. Sulcus loved the shallow grooves so much he called them sulcus, after himself.

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21
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous convolution, meaning twisted

The Gyri Churro.

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22
Q

Where is the gyrus found?

A

Between the sulci and the fissures of the cerebrum

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23
Q

Folia

A

Small, page or leaf-like gyri of the cerebellum

Folia Fall has lots of leaves around her yard from the fall time of year. Folia loves these leaves so much so she named them after herself: Folia, because these leaves are in the Fall time, thus we have Folia Fall.

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24
Q

Nuclei

A

A cluster of group of neuronal cell bodies located within the CNS

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25
Q

Ganglia

A

A cluster or group of neuronal cell bodies located within the PNS

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26
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

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27
Q

Perikaryon

A

Another word for the cell body

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28
Q

Another word for the cell body is the ____?

A

Perikaryon

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29
Q

Axon

A

A process of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

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30
Q

Hillock

A

A small prominence or elevation

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31
Q

Dendrite

A

The process of a neuron that carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body or perikaryon

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32
Q

Fiber

A

What we call a long dendrite or axon, or a long process

  • Long Dendrite
  • Long Axon
  • Long Process

The Fiber DAPs (Dendrite, Axon, Process)

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33
Q

What is another name for a fiber?

A

A nerve fiber or a neuron fiber

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34
Q

Nerve

A

A white structure inside the PNS that is filled with neuron fibers that innervate body parts

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35
Q

Ramus

A

Means a branch —> remus in Harry Potter was a branch to the Wearwolves living under the Womping Willow that had branches!

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36
Q

The word ramus literally means a _____.

A

branch

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37
Q

Axolemma

A

Refers to the outer plasma membrane of an axon

Axo = Axon

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38
Q

Neurilemma

A

The covering of a neuron fiber that is created by the surrounding cell —-> the covering of a neuron fiber

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39
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Passageway created by the continuous nature of the vertebral foramina

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40
Q

Central Canal

A

A tiny channel within the spinal cord and the inferior medulla oblongata

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41
Q

Aqueduct

A

Means a passageway

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42
Q

What example does the book provide of a passageway?

A

The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

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43
Q

Leptomeninx

A

Thin membrane referring to the arachnoid and pia matter

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44
Q

The leptomeninx refers to the ___ and ___ matter?

A

arachnoid; pia

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45
Q

Pachymeninx

A

Thick matter that also means the dura matter

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46
Q

Another name for the pachymeninx is the ___ matter.

A

dura

47
Q

Somesthetic

A

Means to sense the body

48
Q

Modality

A

A specific sensory entity as in gustatory (taste), olfaction, pain, etc.

49
Q

Proprioception

A

The sense, or modality, of subconscious awareness of ones body position and muscle movement

50
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The sense or modality of conscious awareness of ones body position and muscle movement

51
Q

What is the difference between proprioception and kinesthesia?

A

Proprioception is subconscious awareness, whereas kinesthesia is conscious awareness.

52
Q

Adrenergic

A

The releasing of adrenalin-like molecules at a target site

53
Q

Cholinergic

A

The releasing of acetylcholine or choline-like molecules at the target site

54
Q

Chiasma

A

A crossing, like the crossing of two optic fibers as in the optic chiasma

55
Q

Decussation

A

A crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS

56
Q

Contralateral

A

To the opposite side

57
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

58
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward, or moving away from the cell body

59
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward

60
Q

Fugal

A

Moving away from

Fugal Far away From

61
Q

Lesion

A

Any type of injury or damage or any kind of “hurt”

62
Q

Myelopathy

A

A lesion of the spinal cord

63
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death. Deadness. Death of cells or tissues. ——> DEATH!!!!

64
Q

Neoplasm

A

Any new abnormal growth

(Neo = new)

65
Q

Malignant

A

A spreading, life threatening neoplasm or growth

66
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissue

67
Q

Ischemia

A

Suppressing blood supply to an area of the body.

68
Q

If not treated, ischemia can lead to ___ function and even ___.

A

abnormal; necrosis (DEATH!!!)

69
Q

Hematoma

A

An accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels

70
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen

71
Q

An aneurysm forms a sac of ___?

A

blood

72
Q

Stroke

A

Loss of blood in the CNS that can cause permanent or prolonged brain damage

73
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray of blood vessels that are injected with radiopaque dyes

74
Q

Myelography

A

X-ray of the structures in the vertebral canal and the spinal cord after injecting radiopaque dyes in the CSF

75
Q

Ataxia

A

Means an irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination —> impaired coordination

Taxes cause impaired coordination!

76
Q

Paralysis

A

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

77
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate speech, writing, or signs —–> No communication! —-> Total Loss!

A = without

78
Q

Dysphasia

A

A partial or unusual loss of the ability to communicate ——> Partial Loss!!

79
Q

Archi

A

Means beginning or original

80
Q

Paleo

A

Means old —–> Not to be confused with the beginning, or Archi, just old!

81
Q

Neo

A

Means new, as in neonatal

82
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses Tail

83
Q

Cephalgia

A

Means headache

84
Q

Cornu

A

Means a horn-like projection

85
Q

Crus

A

Means Leg or leg-like

86
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

The pattern of cell arrangements

87
Q

Falx

A

Sickle-shaped like the crescent moon

(Think like a foxes tail)

88
Q

Fenestra

A

Window-like

Fancy Fenestra lives in a Fancy house! Fenestra’s Fancy house had Fancy Windows that Fenestra loved sooo much!! So, Fancy Fenestra decided to name the Fancy Windows after herself because she could see her Fancy self. And thus we have it. Today, a window is not only a window, but it is a Fenestra!

89
Q

Foramen

A

An opening

90
Q

Glial

A

Means glue-like. So… glial cells and glue-like cells

91
Q

Micron

A

A metric system unit of length, being measured at 1*10^-6 meters. It is also referred to as a micrometer (um)

92
Q

A micron is measured at 1*10^-____.

A

-6

93
Q

What is a micron also known as?

A

A micrometer

94
Q

Operculum

A

Means a lid or covering

95
Q

Pallium

A

Means to cloak —> like the Popes Pallium

96
Q

Pons

A

A Bridge —-> found between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain

97
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

98
Q

CSF

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

99
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

100
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack, often comes before a CVA

101
Q

RIND

A

Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit

102
Q

DRG

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

103
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral Foramen

104
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram —–> A graph of brain waves

105
Q

CAT

A

Computerized Axial Tomography

106
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

107
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography

108
Q

M.O.

A

Medulla Oblongata

109
Q

M.S.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

110
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ——> AKA: Lou Gehrigh’s Disease

111
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

112
Q

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a common ____ CNS neurotransmitter….(is it inhibitory or exciting).

A

inhibitory

113
Q

ACH

A

Acetylcholine ——> A neurotransmitter

Neuroanatomy 1 (3 decks)

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