Appendix A Flashcards
What does Chordata mean?
Phylum in which man is classified in
What does Vertebrata mean?
Subphylum that man is classified in
Mammalia
Class that man is classified in
Primate
Order that man is classified in
Homo Sapiens
Correct or proper way to write the genus and species of man
Adenohypophysis
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis
The posterior part of the pituitary gland
Another name for neurohypophysis is the “____ ____.”
pars nervosa
Hypophysis Cerebri
Entire pituitary gland
Epiphysis Cerebri
The body of the pineal gland
Embryo
A developing human before the end of the 2nd month of gestation
Fetus
The name of a developing baby after the 2nd month and through birth (AKA: parturition)
Neonate
A newborn infant for the first year
Dentate
Notched or toothlike
Arcuate
Arranged like an arch
Striae
A groove or streak-like formation
Rectus
Means straight
Reticular
Net-like - A spider is particular in its web formation, so reticular is particular because it’s net/like as in a spiders web
Fissure
A deep groove
Sulcus
A shallow groove. S for Shallow.
Shallow Sulcus dug a hole in the backyard with some shallow grooves around the hole. Sulcus loved the shallow grooves so much he called them sulcus, after himself.
Gyrus
Tortuous convolution, meaning twisted
The Gyri Churro.
Where is the gyrus found?
Between the sulci and the fissures of the cerebrum
Folia
Small, page or leaf-like gyri of the cerebellum
Folia Fall has lots of leaves around her yard from the fall time of year. Folia loves these leaves so much so she named them after herself: Folia, because these leaves are in the Fall time, thus we have Folia Fall.
Nuclei
A cluster of group of neuronal cell bodies located within the CNS
Ganglia
A cluster or group of neuronal cell bodies located within the PNS
Neuron
A nerve cell
Perikaryon
Another word for the cell body
Another word for the cell body is the ____?
Perikaryon
Axon
A process of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body
Hillock
A small prominence or elevation
Dendrite
The process of a neuron that carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body or perikaryon
Fiber
What we call a long dendrite or axon, or a long process
- Long Dendrite
- Long Axon
- Long Process
The Fiber DAPs (Dendrite, Axon, Process)
What is another name for a fiber?
A nerve fiber or a neuron fiber
Nerve
A white structure inside the PNS that is filled with neuron fibers that innervate body parts
Ramus
Means a branch —> remus in Harry Potter was a branch to the Wearwolves living under the Womping Willow that had branches!
The word ramus literally means a _____.
branch
Axolemma
Refers to the outer plasma membrane of an axon
Axo = Axon
Neurilemma
The covering of a neuron fiber that is created by the surrounding cell —-> the covering of a neuron fiber
Vertebral canal
Passageway created by the continuous nature of the vertebral foramina
Central Canal
A tiny channel within the spinal cord and the inferior medulla oblongata
Aqueduct
Means a passageway
What example does the book provide of a passageway?
The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
Leptomeninx
Thin membrane referring to the arachnoid and pia matter
The leptomeninx refers to the ___ and ___ matter?
arachnoid; pia
Pachymeninx
Thick matter that also means the dura matter
Another name for the pachymeninx is the ___ matter.
dura
Somesthetic
Means to sense the body
Modality
A specific sensory entity as in gustatory (taste), olfaction, pain, etc.
Proprioception
The sense, or modality, of subconscious awareness of ones body position and muscle movement
Kinesthesia
The sense or modality of conscious awareness of ones body position and muscle movement
What is the difference between proprioception and kinesthesia?
Proprioception is subconscious awareness, whereas kinesthesia is conscious awareness.
Adrenergic
The releasing of adrenalin-like molecules at a target site
Cholinergic
The releasing of acetylcholine or choline-like molecules at the target site
Chiasma
A crossing, like the crossing of two optic fibers as in the optic chiasma
Decussation
A crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS
Contralateral
To the opposite side
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Anterograde
Going forward, or moving away from the cell body
Retrograde
Going backward
Fugal
Moving away from
Fugal Far away From
Lesion
Any type of injury or damage or any kind of “hurt”
Myelopathy
A lesion of the spinal cord
Necrosis
Cell death. Deadness. Death of cells or tissues. ——> DEATH!!!!
Neoplasm
Any new abnormal growth
(Neo = new)
Malignant
A spreading, life threatening neoplasm or growth
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissue
Ischemia
Suppressing blood supply to an area of the body.
If not treated, ischemia can lead to ___ function and even ___.
abnormal; necrosis (DEATH!!!)
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels
Aneurysm
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen
An aneurysm forms a sac of ___?
blood
Stroke
Loss of blood in the CNS that can cause permanent or prolonged brain damage
Angiography
X-ray of blood vessels that are injected with radiopaque dyes
Myelography
X-ray of the structures in the vertebral canal and the spinal cord after injecting radiopaque dyes in the CSF
Ataxia
Means an irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination —> impaired coordination
Taxes cause impaired coordination!
Paralysis
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
Aphasia
Inability to communicate speech, writing, or signs —–> No communication! —-> Total Loss!
A = without
Dysphasia
A partial or unusual loss of the ability to communicate ——> Partial Loss!!
Archi
Means beginning or original
Paleo
Means old —–> Not to be confused with the beginning, or Archi, just old!
Neo
Means new, as in neonatal
Cauda Equina
Horses Tail
Cephalgia
Means headache
Cornu
Means a horn-like projection
Crus
Means Leg or leg-like
Cytoarchitecture
The pattern of cell arrangements
Falx
Sickle-shaped like the crescent moon
(Think like a foxes tail)
Fenestra
Window-like
Fancy Fenestra lives in a Fancy house! Fenestra’s Fancy house had Fancy Windows that Fenestra loved sooo much!! So, Fancy Fenestra decided to name the Fancy Windows after herself because she could see her Fancy self. And thus we have it. Today, a window is not only a window, but it is a Fenestra!
Foramen
An opening
Glial
Means glue-like. So… glial cells and glue-like cells
Micron
A metric system unit of length, being measured at 1*10^-6 meters. It is also referred to as a micrometer (um)
A micron is measured at 1*10^-____.
-6
What is a micron also known as?
A micrometer
Operculum
Means a lid or covering
Pallium
Means to cloak —> like the Popes Pallium
Pons
A Bridge —-> found between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
CSF
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack, often comes before a CVA
RIND
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit
DRG
Dorsal Root Ganglia
IVF
Intervertebral Foramen
EEG
Electroencephalogram —–> A graph of brain waves
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PET
Positron Emission Tomography
M.O.
Medulla Oblongata
M.S.
Multiple Sclerosis
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ——> AKA: Lou Gehrigh’s Disease
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a common ____ CNS neurotransmitter….(is it inhibitory or exciting).
inhibitory
ACH
Acetylcholine ——> A neurotransmitter
