Appendix 3 Meanings (Condensed) Flashcards
abdomen
abdomin/o, celi/o
abdominal wall
lapar/o
above, excess
super-
above
supra-
absence, removal, separation
dis-
accumulation of fluid, swelling
edema
act of recording data
-graphy
act(ing) on, affect(ing)
trop, -tropic
adrenal cortex
adrenocortic/o
adrenal gland, epinephrine
adren/o
adrenal gland
adrenal/o
after, behind
post-
again, back
re-
against, opposite
contra-
against
anti-
air, gas, lung, respiration
pneum/o, pneumat/o
air, gas
aer/o
all
pan-
amnion
amnio
angle
goni/o
anus
an/o
aorta
aort/o
arm
brachi/o
around
circum-, peri-
arteriole
arteriol/o
artery
arter/o, arteri/o
atlas
atlant/o
atrium
atri/o
attracting, absorbing
phil, -philic
away from, outside
ex/o-
away from
ab-
bacillus
bacill/i, bacill/o
bacterium
bacteri/o
bad, poor
mal-
before, in front of
pre-, pro-
before
ante-
behind, backwards
retro-
below, under
sub-
below
infra-
between
inter-
bile duct
cholangi/o
bile, gall
chol/e, chol/o
bile
bili
binding fusion
-desis
birth
nat/i
blood clot
thromb/o
blood
hem/o, hemat/o
blue
cyan/o
body, small body
-some
body
somat/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
myel/o
bone
oste/o
brain
encephal/o
breaking
clasis, -clasia
breast, mammary gland
mamm/o, mast/o
breathing
-pnea, spir/o
bronchiole
bronchiol
bronchus
bronch/o, bronch/i
bursa
burs/o
bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage
-rhage, -rhagia
calcium
calc/i
calculus, stone
lith
calyx
cali/o, calic/o
cancer, carcinoma
carcin/o
carbon dioxide (level of)
-capnia
cartilage
chondr/o
cavity, ventricle
ventricul/o
cecum
cec/o
cell
-cyte, cyt/o
cerebellum
cerebell/o
cerebrum
cerebr/o
cheek
bucc/o
chemical
chem/o
chest, thorax
thorac/o
chest
steth/o
child
puer
choroid
chori/o, choroid/o
ciliary body, ciliary muscle (of eye)
cycl/o
clitoris
clitor/o, clitorid/o
coccyx
coccy, coccyg/o
cochlea (of inner ear)
cochle/o
cold
cry/o
colon
col/o, colon/o
color, stain
chrom/o, chromat/o
common bile duct
choledoch/o
condition of blood
-emia, hemia
condition of semen
-spermia
condition of urine, urination
-uria
condition of
-ia/sis, ism, o/sis, sis, y
cornea, keratin, horny layer of skin
kerat/o
cornea
corne/o
crushing
-tripsy
dark, black, melanin
melan/o
death of tissue
necrosis
decrease in, deficiency of
-penia
diaphragm
phren/o
dilation, dilatation, distension
ectasia, ectasis
dim
ambly-
disease, any disease of
path/o, pathy
dissolving, reducing, loosening
-lytic
double
dipl/o
down, without, removal, loss
de-
dropping, downward, displacement, prolapse
ptosis
drug, medicine
pharm, pharmac/o
dry
xero-
ear
ot/o
eat, ingest
phag/o
electricity
electr/o
embryo
embry/o
end
tel/e-, tel/o-
endocrine
endocrin/o
enlargement
-megaly
enzyme
-ase
epididymis
epididym/o
equal, same
equi-, iso-
esophagus
esophag/o
examination of
-scopy
excision, surgical removal
-ectomy
excited state, obsession
-mania
expansion, widening
dilation, dilatation
extremity, end
acro-
eye, vision
-opia, opt/o
eye
ocul/o, ophthalm/o
eyelid
blephar/o, palpebr/o
false
pseudo-
fascia
fasci/o
fat, lipid
lip/o
fat
adip/o
fatty
steat/o
fear
-phobia
feces
copro
feeding, growth, nourishment
troph/o, -trophy, -trophia
fetus
fet/o
fever, fire
pyr/o, pyret/o
few, scanty, deficiency of
olig/o-
fiber, muscle fiber
in/o
fiber
fibr/o
filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder
cyst/o
finger, toe
dactyl/o
first
prim/i-
fissure, splitting
-schisis
flow, discharge
-rhea
foot, child
ped/o
foot
pod/o
foreign, strange
xen/o
form, structure
morph/o
formation, molding, development
plas, -plasia
formation, production
-poiesis
four
quadr/i-, tetra-
fungus, mold
myc/o
gallbladder
cholecyst/o
ganglion
gangli/o, ganglion/o
gland
aden/o
glans penis
balan/o
glomerulus
glomerul/o
glucose
gluc/o
grapelike cluster, staphylococcus
staphyl/o
gum, gingiva
gingiv/o
hair
trich/o
half, one side
hemi-
half, partial
semi-
hand
chir/o
hard, sclera (of eye)
scler/o
hardening
sclerosis
head
cephal/o
hearing
audi/o
heart
cardi/o
heat, temperature
therm/o
hernia, localized dilation
-cele
hidden
crypt/o
ileum
ile/o
ilium
ili/o
immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
blast/o, -blast
immunity, immune system
immun/o
imperfect
atel/o
in, within
end/o-, intra-
incision, cutting
-tomy
inflammation
-itis
inner part, medulla oblongata, spinal cord
medull/o
instrument for incising (cutting)
-tome
instrument for measuring
-meter
instrument for recording data
-graph
instrument for viewing
-scope
intestine
enter/o
iris
ir, irit/o, irid/o
iron
ferr/i, ferr/o, sider/o
jaw
gnath/o
jejunum
jejun/o
joint
arthr/o
kidney
nephr/o, ren/o
labor
toc/o
labrynth (inner ear)
labrynth/o
lacrimal sac
dacryocyst/o
large, abnormally large
mega-, megalo-, macro-
larynx
laryng/o
left
sinistr/o
lens
lent/i, phac/o, phak/o
light
phot/o
like, resembling
-form, -oid
lip
cheil/o, labi/o
liver
hepat/o
lumbar region, lower back
lumb/o
lung
pulm/o, pulmon/o, pneumon/o
lymph node
lymphaden/o
lymph, lymphatic system, lymphocyte
lymph/o
lymphatic vessel
lymphangi/o
lymphocyte
lymphocyt/o
male
andr/o
malformed fetus
terat/o
many, much
poly-
many
multi-
measure
metr/o
measurement of
-metry
medical specialty
-iatrics, -iatry, -ics
meninges
mening/o, meninge/o
middle
mes/o-
milk
galact/o, lact/o
mimicking, simulating
-mimetic
mind
psych/o
month, menstruation
men/o, mens
mouth
stoma, stomat/o, or/o
movement
kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o
mucus, mucous membrane
muc/o
mucus
myx/o
muscle
muscul/o, my/o
nail
onych/o
narrowing, constriction
stenosis
near, beside, abnormal
para-
near, beside
juxta-
neck, cervix
cervic/o
nervous system, nerve
neur/o, neur/i
network
reticul/o
neuroglia
gli/o
never
nulli-
new
neo-
night, darkness
nyct/o
night
noct/i
nipple
papill/o
nitrogenous compounds
azot/o
normal
normo-
nose
nas/o, rhin/o
not, without, lack of, absence
A-, an-
not
im-, in-, non-, un-
nucleus
kary/o, nucle/o
old age
ger/e, ger/o
old
presby-
on, over
epi-
one
mon/o-, uni-
opposite, against
counter-
order, arrangement
tax/o
origin, formation
gen, genesis
other, different, unequal
hetero-
out, outside
ec-, ecto-
outer portion, cerebral cortex
cortic/o
outside
extra-
ovary
oophor/o, ovari/o
over, excess, increased, abnormally high
hyper-
ovum
oo, ov/o, ovul/o
oxygen (level of)
-oxia
oxygen, sharp, acute
ox/y
pain
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o, -algesia, -algia, -odynia
palate
palat/o
pancreas
pancreat/o
pancreatic islets
insul/o
paralysis
-plegia
parathyroid
parathyr/o, parathyroid/o
partial paralysis, weakness
-paresis
pelvis
pelvi/o
perineum
perine/o
peritoneum
periton, peritone/o
pertaining to
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, ical, -ile, -ory, -ous
pharynx
pharyng/o
phrenic nerve
phrenic/o
physician
-iatr/o
pituitary, hypophysis
hypophys, pituitar
plant
phyt/o
plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
-plasty
platelet, thrombocyte
thrombocyt/o
pleura
pleur/o
poison, toxin
tox/o, toxic/o
poison
toxin
potassium
kali
pregnant woman
gravida
pressure
bar/o
promotor, stimulator
-agogue
prostate
prostat/o
protein
prote/o
pulse
sphygm/o
puncture, tap
centesis
pupil
cor/o, cor/e, pupill/o
pus
py/o
pylorus
pylor/o
radiation, x-ray
radi/o
rapid
tachy-
reading
-lexia
record of data
-gram
rectum
proct/o, rect/o
red blood cell
erythrocyt/o
red, red blood cell
erythr/o-
renal pelvis
pyel/o
retina
retin/o
rib
cost/o
right
dextr/o-
rod, muscle cell
rhabd/o
root of spinal nerve
radicul/o
rupture
-rhexis
sacrum
sacr/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct
sial/o
same, unchanging
homo-, homeo-
scrotum
osche/o
sebum, sebaceous gland
seb/o
seizure
-lepsy
self
auto-
semen, spermatoza
sperm/i, spermat/o
semen
semin
seminal vesicle
vesicul/o
sensation
-esthesia, -esthesi/o
sense of smell
-osmia
sense of taste
-geusia
separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
-lysis
septum, dividing wall, partition
sept/o
sheath, vagina
vagin/o
short
brachy-
sigmoid colon
sigmoid/o
skin
derm/o, dermat/o
skull, cranium
crani/o
sleep
somn/i, somn/o, hypn/o
slipping
-listhesis
slow
brady-
small, one millionth
micro-
smell
osm/o
sodium
natri
softening
malacia
sound, hearing
acous, acus, cus
sound, ultrasound
son/o
sound, voice
phon/o
specialist
-ian, -ist
speech, babble
-lalia
speech
-phasia
spine
rachi/o
spitting
ptysis
spleen
splen/o
stapes
staped/o, stapedi/o
starch
amyl/o
stomach
gastr/o
straight, correct, upright
ortho-
strength
sthen/o
study of
-logy
stupor, unconsciousness
narc/o
sudden contraction, cramp
spasm
sugar, glucose
glyc/o
sugar
sacchar/o, -ose
supression, stoppage
stasis
surgical creation of an opening
-stomy
surgical fixation
-pexy
surgical repair, suture
-rhaphy
sweat, perspiration
hidr/o
synovial joint, synovial membrane
synov/i
tear, lacrimal apparatus
dacry/o, lacrim/o
tendon
ten/o, tendin/o
testis, testicle
test/o
testis
orchid/o, orchi/o
thalamus
thalam/o
thick
pachy-
three
tri-
through
dia-, per-, trans-,
thymus gland
thym/o
thyroid
thyr/o, thyroid/o
time
chron/o
tissue
hist/o, histi/o
to carry
fer
together
syn-, sym-
tone
ton/o
tongue
gloss/o, lingu/o
tonsil
tonsill/o
tooth, teeth
dent/o, dent/I, odont/o
toward, near
ad-
trachea
trache/o
true, good, easy, normal
eu-
tube, oviduct, eustachian (auditory) tube
salping/o
tumor
-oma, onc/o
turning
trop/o
twisted and swollen vein, varix
varic/o
twisted chain, streptococcus
strept/o-
two, twice
bi-, di-
tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane
tympan/o
tympanic membrane
myring/o
under, below, decreased, abnormally low
hypo-
ureter
ureter/o
urethra
urethr/o
urinary bladder
vesic/o
urination
-uresis
urine, urinary tract
ur/o
urine
urin/o
uterus
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/I, uter/o
uvea (of eye)
uve/o
uvula
uvul/o
vagina
colp/o
valve
valv/o, valvul/o
varied, irregular
poikilo-
vein
phleb/o, ven/o, ven/i
vertebra, spinal column
vertebr/o
vertebra
spondyl/o
vessel, duct, vas deferens
vas/o
vessel
angi/o, vascul/o
vestibule, vestibular apparatus of ear
vestibul/o
virus
vir/o
vision
-opsia
voice
-phonia
vomiting
emesis
vulva
episi/o, vulv/o
water, fluid
hydr/o
white blood cell
leukocyt/o
white, colorless, white blood cell
leuk/o-
woman who has given birth
para
woman
gyn/o, gynec/o
work
erg/o
yellow
xanth/o
