Appendix 1

Question 0

Protein

Answer 0

A long string of amino acids. Proteins are the basic building material of organisms

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A length of DNA that encodes the info for constructing a particular protein

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

a complicated protein whose action increases the probability of a specific chemical reaction

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

A nucleic acid that is present in the chromosomes of cells and codes hereditary info

Question 4

Nucleotide

Answer 4

Portion of DNA or RNA molecules that is composed of a single base and the adjoining phosphate unit of the strand

Question 5

What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA?

Answer 5

Guanine, cytosine, thymine and adenine

Question 6

Hybridization

Answer 6

The process by which one string of nucleotides becomes linked to a complementary series of nucleotides

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

A complex of condensed strands if DNA and associated protein molecules. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

Any organism whose cells have the genetic material contained within a nuclear envelope

Question 9

Cell nucleus

Answer 9

The spherical central structure of a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 10

RNA

Answer 10

A nucleic acid that implements info found in DNA

Question 11

What are the 4 nucleotides used in RNA?

Answer 11

Guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

Construction of a specific string of RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the exposed strand of DNA. The resulting message (transcript) us used to translate the DNA code into protein molecules

Question 13

Messenger RNA (mRNA) or transcript

Answer 13

Strand of RNA that carries the code of a section of a DNA strand to the cytoplasm where proteins are assembled

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Organelle that attach to and read the sequence of RNA nucleotides to build protein molecules.

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

The process by which amino acids are linked together to form protein molecules.

Question 16

Codon

Answer 16

A trio of RNA nucleotides uniquely encodes one particular amino acids

Question 17

Peptide

Answer 17

A short string of amino acids (50 acids or less)

Question 18

Proteins

Answer 18

Longer strings of amino acids

Question 19

Genome or genotype

Answer 19

All the genetic information that one specific individual has inherited

Question 20

Gene expression

Answer 20

The process by which a cell makes an mRNA transcript of a particular gene

Question 21

Cell differentiation

Answer 21

The developmental stage in which cells acquire distinctive characteristics or specializations as the result of expressing particular genes