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A&P lecture > Appendicular skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The radius would be considered as what type of fracture?

A

epiphyseal

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2
Q

The Tibia and Fibula could be considered as what type of fracture?

A

Diaphseal

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3
Q

Which type of connective tissue connects the bones?

A

Ligaments (dense)

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4
Q

Which bones produce blood cells?

A

Flat bones of the skull,pelvic,spine

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5
Q

What process did Ruth’s tibia,fibula, and radius form and develop prior to birth?

A

Endochondral ossification

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6
Q

Define Hyaline cartilage

A

a translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton.

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7
Q

Would a epiphyseal line or epiphyseal plate show up better in an x-ray in an older adult?

A

Epiphyseal line

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8
Q

Name the type of bone cell that is abnormally over-active.

A

Osteoclast

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9
Q

How does the activity of the above cells affect blood calcium levels?

A

It would make it increase.

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10
Q

How does the parathryoid horomone affect blood calcium levels (increase/decrease)?

A

Increase

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11
Q

Was Ruths blood calicuim levels abnormally high or low?

A

High

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12
Q

What symptoms was Ruth experiencing that would be Directly related to her abnormal blood calcium levels?

A

Muscle weakness

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13
Q

Before her surgery would taking vitamin D supplements most likley improve or worsen Ruth’s symptoms?

A

Worsen, Her blood calcium levels are already high and vitamin D enhances calcium absorption into the blood from the digestive tract.

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14
Q

What type of exercise regime does Ruth do daily and has this helped or harmed her bone’s?

A

Walking, it helps by (weight bearing exercise stimulates osteoblasts activity.)

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15
Q

Define hematoma

A

Blood pooling

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16
Q

When cartilage forms between the broken bones is called a

A

Internal callus

17
Q

Infants are born with over 300 bones but adults only have about 206. what happens to the missing bones?

A

Some bones such as Frontal,pelvic,coccyx bones fuse together

18
Q

If an adult has more than 206 bones, name two types of bones that could lead to the increase in number?

A

Sutural (womian) and sesamoid bones

19
Q

osteoblasts make the bone…

A

Bigger and stronger

20
Q

Osteoclasts make the bone…

A

thinner and weaker

21
Q

Bones that are felixible and can not bear weight are lacking…

A

Calcium (osteoblasts) compounds

22
Q

What vital process is being restored during a bone marrow transplant?

A

Production of blood cells

23
Q

Billy is in a car accident and is hemmorrhaging,
how does this effect his yellow bone marrow

A

It will decrease

24
Q

What happens when the yellow bone marrow decreases

A

the yellow bone marrow is converted into red bone marrow

25
Q

Tendons and ligaments attach to which membrane associated with long bones?
(Endosteum or periosteum)

A

Periosteum

26
Q

A tissue sample from a long bone shows trabeculae and bone marrow, where was this sample taken from

A

Epiphyis, the ends of bone are filled with spongy bone that is made up of trabeculae and contains bone marrow

27
Q

What do bones begin as

A

Cartilage and fibrous connective tissue

28
Q

Growth hormone stimulates the chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates to go through what cellular process?

A

mitosis (cell division)

29
Q

ten year old becky fractured her left femur, the break occurred at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis. Did the fracture occur at an epiphyseal plate or line

A

epiphyseal plate

30
Q

As an adult will beckys left femur likley be longer or shorter than her right femur?

A

Shorter, since the growth plate in her left femur was damaged

31
Q

If a 12yr old had an adrenal tumor causing a large amount of estrogen to be secreated will it stimulate or inhibit bone growth?

A

Stimulate

32
Q

By the time the 12yr old is 20 will she be shorter or taller

A

shorter, estrogen stimutales an initial growth spurt

33
Q

Why does walking help the elderly

A

It stimulates osteoblasts

34
Q

What does walking strengthen

A

mainly the leg bones and spine

35
Q

How would and intravenous calcium injection affect PTH secrection from the prarthyroid glands-increase or decrease?

A

Decrease, higher blood calcium levels= less PTH is secreted due to negative feedback

36
Q

The parathyroid glands regulate blood calcium levels through which type of feedback loop?

A

Negative Feedback

37
Q

An anatomy instructor asks two students to predicts a patients response to chronic vitamin D deficiency?
A. Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium)
B.It would remain within the normal range,although it would be at the low end.

A

B.(althought vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption PTH would help decrease blood calcium levels by stimulating osteclast activity- which breaks down bone matrix to release CA+2 into the blood

A&P lecture (2 decks)

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