Appendicular skeleton Flashcards
The radius would be considered as what type of fracture?
epiphyseal
The Tibia and Fibula could be considered as what type of fracture?
Diaphseal
Which type of connective tissue connects the bones?
Ligaments (dense)
Which bones produce blood cells?
Flat bones of the skull,pelvic,spine
What process did Ruth’s tibia,fibula, and radius form and develop prior to birth?
Endochondral ossification
Define Hyaline cartilage
a translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton.
Would a epiphyseal line or epiphyseal plate show up better in an x-ray in an older adult?
Epiphyseal line
Name the type of bone cell that is abnormally over-active.
Osteoclast
How does the activity of the above cells affect blood calcium levels?
It would make it increase.
How does the parathryoid horomone affect blood calcium levels (increase/decrease)?
Increase
Was Ruths blood calicuim levels abnormally high or low?
High
What symptoms was Ruth experiencing that would be Directly related to her abnormal blood calcium levels?
Muscle weakness
Before her surgery would taking vitamin D supplements most likley improve or worsen Ruth’s symptoms?
Worsen, Her blood calcium levels are already high and vitamin D enhances calcium absorption into the blood from the digestive tract.
What type of exercise regime does Ruth do daily and has this helped or harmed her bone’s?
Walking, it helps by (weight bearing exercise stimulates osteoblasts activity.)
Define hematoma
Blood pooling
When cartilage forms between the broken bones is called a
Internal callus
Infants are born with over 300 bones but adults only have about 206. what happens to the missing bones?
Some bones such as Frontal,pelvic,coccyx bones fuse together
If an adult has more than 206 bones, name two types of bones that could lead to the increase in number?
Sutural (womian) and sesamoid bones
osteoblasts make the bone…
Bigger and stronger
Osteoclasts make the bone…
thinner and weaker
Bones that are felixible and can not bear weight are lacking…
Calcium (osteoblasts) compounds
What vital process is being restored during a bone marrow transplant?
Production of blood cells
Billy is in a car accident and is hemmorrhaging,
how does this effect his yellow bone marrow
It will decrease
What happens when the yellow bone marrow decreases
the yellow bone marrow is converted into red bone marrow
Tendons and ligaments attach to which membrane associated with long bones?
(Endosteum or periosteum)
Periosteum
A tissue sample from a long bone shows trabeculae and bone marrow, where was this sample taken from
Epiphyis, the ends of bone are filled with spongy bone that is made up of trabeculae and contains bone marrow
What do bones begin as
Cartilage and fibrous connective tissue
Growth hormone stimulates the chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates to go through what cellular process?
mitosis (cell division)
ten year old becky fractured her left femur, the break occurred at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis. Did the fracture occur at an epiphyseal plate or line
epiphyseal plate
As an adult will beckys left femur likley be longer or shorter than her right femur?
Shorter, since the growth plate in her left femur was damaged
If a 12yr old had an adrenal tumor causing a large amount of estrogen to be secreated will it stimulate or inhibit bone growth?
Stimulate
By the time the 12yr old is 20 will she be shorter or taller
shorter, estrogen stimutales an initial growth spurt
Why does walking help the elderly
It stimulates osteoblasts
What does walking strengthen
mainly the leg bones and spine
How would and intravenous calcium injection affect PTH secrection from the prarthyroid glands-increase or decrease?
Decrease, higher blood calcium levels= less PTH is secreted due to negative feedback
The parathyroid glands regulate blood calcium levels through which type of feedback loop?
Negative Feedback
An anatomy instructor asks two students to predicts a patients response to chronic vitamin D deficiency?
A. Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium)
B.It would remain within the normal range,although it would be at the low end.
B.(althought vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption PTH would help decrease blood calcium levels by stimulating osteclast activity- which breaks down bone matrix to release CA+2 into the blood
