Appendicular Muscles (OIA) + Axial Muscles Flashcards
I. Muscles that move the pectoral girdle II. Muscles that move the humerus III. Gluteal region muscles that move the femur IV. Muscles that move the toes and feet. V. Rotator cuff muscles VI. Muscles that move the forearm VII. Muscles that move the wrist/digits VIII. Muscles that move the femur/tibia/fibula IX. Muscles that move the eyes, face, and head
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
(Anterior compartment of the forearm)
Belongs to the superficial layer of the anterior forearm compartment
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Metacarpals
Action: Wrist flexion + abduction
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
(Anterior compartment of the forearm)
Palmarus longus
Origin: medial condyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: wrist flexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: carpal bones
Action: wrist flexion/adduction
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior to “flexor carpi radialis” + “palmaris longus”
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: finger flexion of MCP and PIP joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior to “flexor carpi radius” + “flexor digitorum superficialis” + “flexor digitorum profundus”
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: anterior surface of radius
Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Thumb flexion using MCP and IP joint 1
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior to “flexor carpi radialis” + “flexor digitorum superficialis”
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: proximal half of anterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: finger flexion of MCP and IP joints 2-5
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone
Action: hand extension, hand abduction
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior view of the forearm
Extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action: MCP and IP joints 2-5 for finger extension
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior view of the forearm
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 5
Action: MCP joint 5 - finger extension
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior view of forearm; posterior to “extensor digitorum” + “extensor digiti minimi” + “extensor carpi ulnaris”
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior surface of proximal radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: posterior aspect of base of MC bone
Action: hand extension and thumb abduction
MUSCLES THAT MOVE WRIST AND DIGITS
Posterior view of forearm; posterior to “extensor digitorum” + “abductor pollicis longus”
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: posterior surface of the distal third of the radius
Insertion: posterior aspects of base of proximal phalanx 1
Action: CMCP joint 1 - thumb extension
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Tibalis anterior
Origin: lateral surface of tibia
Insertion: medial base of tarsal bones + MTB 1
Action: subtalar joint - foot inversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Anterior view of leg; posterior to “extensor digitorum longus” + “tibialis anterior”
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: middle third of medial surface of fibula + interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsal aspect of phalanx belonging to big toe
Action: toe extension + foot dorsiflexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Anterior view of leg; lateral to “extensor hallucis longus” + posterior to “tibialis anterior”
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: proximal surface of fibula
Insertion: dorsal aspect of phalanges 2-5
Action: MTP and IP joint - toe extension + foot dorsiflexion + foot eversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Lateral view of leg
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Origin: head of fibula
Insertion: lateral aspect of tarsal bone
Action: foot plantar flexion, foot eversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Lateral view of leg; posterior to “fibularis longus”
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Origin: Lateral aspect of middle surface of the fibula
Insertion: metatarsal bone
Action: foot plantar flexion + foot eversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg
Gastrocnemius
Origin: lateral head - surface of lateral condyle of the femur + medial head - medial femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via Achille’s tendon
Action: plantar flexion + leg flexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg; posterior to “gastrocnemius”
Soleus
Origin: soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Action: plantar flexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg; posterior to “gastrocnemius” + “Achille’s tendon” + “soleus” + “flexor hallucis longus”
Tibialis posterior
Origin: posterior surface of tibia and fibula
Insertion: medial aspect of tarsal bones
Action: plantar flexion + foot inversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg; proximal end of posterior leg + posterio to “gastrocnemius”
Popliteus
Origin: lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia
Action: unlocks knee joint + stabilization
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg; medial + posterior to “gastrocnemius” + “Achille’s tendon”
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: solar aspect of bases of distal phalanges 2-5
Action: toe flexion + plantar flexion + foot inversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEET AND TOES
Posterior view of leg; posterior to “gastrocnemius” + “Achilles tendon” + lateral to “flexor digitorum longus”
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin: distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg, fascia of tibialis muscle
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action: MTP and IP joint - toe flexion + foot plantar flexion + foot inversion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Gracilis
Origin: anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia
Action: thigh flexion, adduction + leg flexion and internal rotation of leg
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine + supra-acetabular groove
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: thigh flexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Vastus lateralis
Origin: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, patella.
Action: leg extension
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: leg extension
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
Action: thigh flexion, abduction, external rotation + leg flexion, interal rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Biceps femoris
Origin: long head at ischial tuberosity; short head at linea aspera of femur
Insertion: lateral aspect of head of fibula
Action: thigh extension, external rotation + leg flexion and external rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Semitendinosus
Origin: posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior aspect of the proximal end of tibia
Action: thigh extension, internal rotation + leg flexion and internal rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA
Semimembranosus
Origin: superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: thigh extension, internal rotation + leg flexion and internal rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Biceps brachii
Origin: short head at apex of coracoid process of the scapula + long head at supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius + deep fascia of forearm
Action: flexion and supination of forearm at the elbow joint, weaker flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Anterior view of arm; posterior to “biceps brachii”
Brachialis
Origin: anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna + ulnar tuberosity
Action: flexion of forearm at elbow joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: syloid process of radius
Action: forearm flexion
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Triceps brachii
Origin: long head at infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, medial head at posterior surface of humerus, and lateral head at posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Action: extension of forearm and arm + adduction of arm
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon
Action: assists in forearm extesion at elbow joint & stabilization of elbow joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Anterior view of arm; posterior to “flexor digitorum profundus” + “flexor digitorum superficialis” + “palmaris longus” + “flexor pollicis longus” + “carpi radialis”
Pronator quadratus
Origin: distal anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: distal anterior surface of radius
Action: forearm pronation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Pronator teres
Origin: supracondylar ridge of humerus + ulnar head
Insertion: lateral surface of radius
Action: pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint, flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: anterior surface of proximal third of radius
Action: forearm supination
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: internal rotation of arm at shoulder joint
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: shoulder joint - arm external rotation
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Teres minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: arm adduction + arm external rotation
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Subclavius
Origin: sternal end of rib 1 + costal cartilage
Insertion: anteroinferior surface of middle of third of clavicle
Action: sternoclavicular joint - anchors and depresses clavicle
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Pectoralis minor
Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: scapulothoracic joint - draws scapula anteroinferiorly + stabilizes the scapula on the thoracic wall
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Serratus anterior
Origin: superior part - ribs 1/2 + middle part - 3/6 + inferior - 7/9 ribs
Insertion: superior - anterior surface of superior angle + middle part - anterior surface of medial border + inferior part - anterior surface of inferior angle + medial border
Action: draws scapula anterolaterally + suspends the scapula on thoracic wall + rotates scapula
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Trapezius
Origin: occiput and spinous processes of 12 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, medial acromial margin, lateral apex of scapular spine
Action: draws the scapula medially, superiomedially, inferiomedially, rotation of the head, and extension of head and neck
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Rhomboid major
Origin: spimous process of vertebrae T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula (from inferior angle to root of scapular spine
Action: draws scapula superomedially, rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Rhomboid minor
Origin: nuchal ligament, spinous proces of vertebrae C7-T1
Insertion: Root of scapular spine
Action: Draws scapula superomedially, rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorily
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Pectoralis minor
PECTORAL GIRDLE POSITION MUSCLES
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: vertebral part - spinous process of vertebrae T7-T12 + Iliac part - posterior third of crest of ilium + costal part - ribs 9-12 + scapular part - inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between the pec major and teres major muscles
Action: shoulder joint - arm internal rotation + arm adduction + arm extension + assists in respiration
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Pectoralis major
Origin: clavicular part - anterior surface of medial half of clavicle, sternocostal part - anterior surface of sternum + abdominal part - anterior layer of rectus sheath
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: shoulder joint - arm adduction, arm internal rotation, arm flexion + arm extension + draws scapula anteroinferiorily
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: vertebral part - spinous process thoracic vertebrae + Iliac + ribs 9-12 + inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between the pec major and teres major muscles
Action: shoulder joint - arm internal rotation + arm adduction + arm extension + assists in respiration
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Deltoid
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, amd scapula spine (SACS)
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: arm extension, flexion, and rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: internal rotation of arm at shoulder joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinatous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: arm abduction at glenohumeral joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Teres major
Origin: inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus
Action: adduction and medial rotation of the arm
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Teres minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: arm adduction + arm external rotation
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft
Action: adduction and flexion of arm
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Psoas major
Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: thigh/trunk flexion, lateral thigh rotation, lateral trunk flexion
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: thigh/trunk flexion
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Gluteus maximus
Origin: lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx + gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: hip joint - thigh extension, thigh external rotation, thigh abduction, thigh adduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Gluteus medius
Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Action: thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Gluteus minimus
Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Action: thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Tensor fascia lata
Origin: outer lip of anterior crest iliac crest + ASIS
Insertion: lateral condyle of tibia
Action: thigh internal rotation + leg external rotation
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Piriformis
Origin: anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: thigh external rotation, thigh abduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Obturator externus
Origin: posterior surface of the obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
Action: external rotation of thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Obturator internus
Origin: posterior surface of the obturator + bony boundaries of obturator foramen
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: external rotation of thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Superior gemellus
Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: thigh external rotation, thigh abduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Inferior gemellus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: thigh external rotation, thigh abduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Quadratus femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: interotrochanteric crest of femur
Action: thigh external rotation
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Adductor longus
Origin: body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis
Insertion: middle third of linea aspera
Action: thigh flexion + adduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Adductor brevis
Origin: anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Action: thigh flexion + adduction
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Adductor magnus
Origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor part at gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supercondylar line + ischiocondylar part at adductor tubercle of femur
Action: thigh flexion, adduction + hip joint extension
GLUTEAL MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR
Pectineus
Origin: superior pubic ramus
Insertion: pectineal line of femur, linea aspera of femur
Action: thigh flexion, adduction, external/internal rotation
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Occipitofrontalis
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Corrugator supercilii
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Nasalis
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Levator labii superioris
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Depressor labii inferioris
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Depressor angulus oris
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Orbicularis oris
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Zygomatic major
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Buccinator
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Risorius
MUSCLES USED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION
Mentalis
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Superior rectus
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Inferior rectus
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Lateral rectus
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Medial rectus
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Inferior oblique
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Superior oblique
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Levator palpabrae superioris
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYES
Orbicularis oculi
MUSCLES USED IN MASTICATION
Masseter
MUSCLES USED IN MASTICATION
Temporalis
MUSCLES USED IN MASTICATION
Lateral pterygoid
MUSCLES USED IN MASTICATION
Medial pterygoid
MUSCLES USED IN MOVING THE HEAD
Sternocleidomastoid
MUSCLES USED IN MOVING THE HEAD
Semispinalis capitis
MUSCLES USED IN MOVING THE HEAD
Splenius capitis
MUSCLES USED IN MOVING THE HEAD
Longissimus capitis
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Serratus anterior
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
External oblique
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Linea alba
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Rectus abdominis
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Transverse abdominis
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Internal oblique
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Quadratus lumborum
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Iliacus
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
Psoas major
