Appendicitis Flashcards
What is appendicitis?
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
What age group is most commonly affected by appendicitis?
20s/30s year olds
Appendicitis is most prevalent in younger adults.
What causes obstruction of the appendix?
Due to fecalith, lymphoid tissue, calculi, or tumor
Obstruction is a key factor leading to inflammation.
What are the consequences of appendix obstruction?
Inflammation, mucus buildup, bacterial overgrowth, ischemia, and necrosis
Ischemia can lead to compression of blood vessels and rupture.
What are the two types of appendicitis?
Uncomplicated and Complicated
Complicated appendicitis includes perforation, phlegmon, and abscess.
What is a symptom of appendicitis?
- RLQ pain: Migratory right iliac fossa pain from the umbilical area
- Anorexia - decreased appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
What is McBurney’s Point?
A point of localized tenderness in the right iliac fossa
Rebound tenderness at this point is a sign of ruptured appendicitis.
What is Rosving’s Sign?
+ for appendicitis when LLQ palpated and pain is in the RLQ
What does the Psoas sign indicate?
Pain in the RLQ upon extension of the right hip
This sign is used in diagnosing appendicitis.
What is the ABCDE assessment used for in appendicitis?
To watch out for sepsis
This assessment helps in evaluating the severity of the condition.
What investigations are performed for appendicitis?
- FBC, U&E, LFT, CRP, clotting, group and save
- Pregnancy test and urine dip
These tests help determine infection and overall health status.
What are the non-surgical management options for appendicitis?
Prophylactic antibiotics, IV fluids, antiemetics, keep patient NPO
These measures help stabilize the patient before surgery.
What surgical procedure is performed for appendicitis?
Appendicectomy
This can be done via open or laparoscopic methods.
When should surgery be considered for appendicitis?
Immunocompromised patients, history of IBD, pregnancy, presence of appendicolith, worsening symptoms
These factors increase the urgency for surgical intervention.
What is a major complication of a ruptured appendix?
Peritonitis
This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment.
