Appendicitis Flashcards
What is appendicitis?
Inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-like pouch attached to the large intestine
What age group does appendicitis commonly affect?
Young people and lean individuals but can occur at any age
What is the most common cause of appendicitis?
Obstruction of the appendix by fecal matter, lymphoid hyperplasia, or tumors
What happens when the appendix becomes obstructed?
It swells, bacteria proliferate, causing inflammation, which can lead to infection and rupture
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity, often a result of appendix rupture
Describe the initial pain progression in appendicitis.
Initially, pain is peri-umbilical due to referred pain from the stretching of the appendix
Where does the pain shift as appendicitis progresses?
To the right iliac fossa (RIF), where the appendix is located
What are common gastrointestinal symptoms of appendicitis?
Anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea, and vomiting
What vital signs may indicate developing peritonitis?
Rising pulse rate and low-grade fever
What is Rovsing’s Sign?
Pain in the RIF when the left iliac fossa (LIF) is palpated, indicating peritoneal irritation
What does a positive Psoas Sign indicate?
Pain when extending the hip, indicative of a retrocecal appendix
What is McBurney’s Point?
Tenderness at a point about one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
How is appendicitis typically diagnosed?
Based on history and physical signs, often a clinical diagnosis
What imaging technique is recommended for diagnosing appendicitis in females?
Ultrasound, to differentiate from gynecological issues
What is the primary treatment for appendicitis?
Laparoscopic Appendectomy, which is both diagnostic and therapeutic
