Appeasment And Road To War Beggining To Rearmament Flashcards
Policy of Appeasment?
The policy followed by Britian during the 1930s where they sought to prevent war by giving in to Germany/Hitlers demands
When was the Treaty of Versailles?
28th of June 1919
When did Germany withdraw from the Geneva disarmament conference?
1933
When did Hitler become chancellor of Germany
1933
When was the assassination of Dollfuss?
1934
When did Hitler admit the existence of the luftwaffle and introduce conscription?
March 1935
When was the German Anglo-Naval deal
1935
When did Germany remilitarise the Rhineland?
7th of March 1936
When was the Franco Russian Mutual assistance pact?
February 1936
When did Schuschnigg visits Hitler at Berchtesgaden
February 1938
When did German troops march in to Austria and achieve the Aunchsluss
March 1938
When did the Austrian people vote in favour of the Aunchsluss?
April 1938
When was the May crisis in Czechoslovakia?
May 1938
When did Hitler make a speech in Nunemberg threatening Czechoslovakia?
13th of September 1938
When did Chamberlain fly to Berchtesgaden to meet Hitler?
15th of September 1938
When did Chamberlain meet Hitler at Godesberg?
22 of September 1938
When was the Munich conference held?
29th of September 1938
When did Germany take over Bohemia and Moravia, with Sloviakia becoming a German protectorate?
15th of March 1939
When was the Anglo-Polish guarantee?
31st of March 1939
When was the pact of steel between Italy and Germany formed
May 1939
When was the Nazi-Soviet non aggression pact formed?
August 1939
When did Germany invade Poland?
Ist of September 1939
When did Britian declare war on Germany?
3rd of September 1939
Who was advocating for appeasment and why?
Neville Chamberlain as it kept him and his country safe in his eyes
Who was against appeasment and why?
Winston Churchill- as he saw it as an act of surrender and believed it only gave Hitler more power.
Josaih Wedgwood- as he believed it only brought war closer.
Appeasment?
Giving in to someone’s demands in order to keep the peace
The 3 reasons why by 1918 the military situation in Germany was desperate?
- The Allies blockade of the German ports had starved the economy of raw materials and the population (including soldiers) of food.
- Since their entry to the war in 1917 the USA had sent tanks and heavy guns to France
- The US were also moving troops to Europe at a rate of 50,000 per month
What are the 4 reasons why the German army was not the quality fighting machine it had once been?
- The size of the the army was rapidly falling and they had no reserves to call on
- Though they had a few successes in 1918 ultimately the army was poorly disciplined and badly fed and supplied.
- Many of
the planned German advances were held up as troops stopped to loot food and supplies from
captured trenches or villages. - They also came up against well-led and well-equipped Allied forces.
What were the events causing Germany to Surrender ?
- By November 1918, Germany’s allies were surrendering.
- In the northern ports German sailors
mutinied. - In Berlin, crowds marched through the streets in protest
- Realising that there was no
hope of winning the war, German army generals and politicians pressured the kaiser to abdicate.
Kaiser
the Emperor
of Germany
Abdicate
stand down
Armistice
The peace agreement signed on the 11th of November 1918 to end WW1
What were the reactions to the armistice/war ending?
Those signing the agreement were later accused of
stabbing Germany in the back. They had no choice, but the army generals did not necessarily
view it in this way.
Across Europe, in both victorious and defeated nations, there was relief that the fighting was over.
In Britain and France, there was naturally much rejoicing. Discussions then started in January 1919
in Paris about a detailed peace settlement.
What was the impact of the Great War on France?
The French were at the top of the revenge level, they had been
attacked twice by the
Germans in 50 years. Many
people in France felt
threatened by Germany, as
their land and industry had
not been as badly damaged
as France’s. They had also suffered enormous losses over its its
land, industry and
population. Over 71% of
France’s military had been
either killed or injured during the war.
What was the impact of the Great War on the USA
As they had only been a part of the war for just over a year their losses were minimal m all they really cared about was their own affairs and making sure Europe stayed
peaceful so it did not have to
get involved in any more wars
What was the impact of the Great War on the UK
The uk suffered a fair amount of loss due to the war but not as much as France, Over 41% of Britain’s military
had been either killed or
injured during the war.
Before the war, Germany had
been Britain’s second largest
trading partner. Many
politicians were keen on
resuming these trading links.
Britain wanted to protect the
British Empire from any
threats.
The British public sought
revenge on Germany
Where was the peace conference held?
Paris
Peace conference?
What did the peace conference entail
Opened on 18th January 1919, meetings
were held at various locations in and around Paris until 20th January 1920. Leaders of 32 states
representing about 75% of the world’s population, attended. However, negotiations were
dominated by the five major powers responsible for defeating the Central Powers: the United States,
Britain, France, Italy and Japan.
Who were the “big three”
Georges Clemenceau, of France
Woodrow Wilson, of the USA
David Lloyd Geor, of the UK
What were Clemenceau’s main aims?
He wanted revenge, and to
punish the Germans for what
they had done.
He wanted to make
Germany pay for the
damage done during the
war.
He also wanted to weaken
Germany, so France would
never be invaded again.
What were Wilson’s aims?
He wanted to make the world
safe. He wanted to end war
by making a fair peace.
He said that he wanted
disarmament, and a League
of Nations (where countries
could talk out their problems,
without war).
He also promised self-
determination for the peoples
of Eastern Europe.
What were Lloyd George’s aims?
He said he would ‘make
Germany pay’ – because he
knew that was what the British
people wanted to hear.
He wanted ‘justice’, but he
did not want revenge. He said
that the peace must not be
harsh.
He wanted to expand the
British Empire, and maintain
British control of the seas,
Disarmament
e process of limiting
or removing of military
forces and/or weapons.
Self-determination
the idea
that nations should rule
themselves rather than
be ruled by others.
When was the Treaty of Versailles?
The 28 th of June 1919
Treaty of Versailles?
Who was not allowed to go to the peace talks and what did they refer to the treaty as?
Germany/ a diktat
Diktat?
Dictated peace.
What were the overall aims at Versailles?
To punish Germany, to prevent them from attacking France again by weakening them, giving the winning countries compensation to rebuild.
What were the Germans told if they did not sign the treaty
That the allies would resume the war if they did not sign, so then shortly the Germans sent a telegram confirming that a number of German politicians would arrive shortly to
sign the treaty.
What were the territorial terms of the Treaty?
-Germany to lose 10% of its land, including Alsace Lorraine to France
-Germany was split to allow the polish corridor to be created to allow Poland access to the sea
- The Rhineland was to be demilitarised( still remain a part of Germany but Germany were not allowed to put army of defences in the area
-Germany and Austria were not allowed to join together in a union (Anschluss)
-Germany lost all her colonies
What were the Military terms of the Treaty?
-The German army was reduced to 100,000 men
-The German army was not allowed tanks
- Germany was not allowed an air force
-The German navy was limited to 6 warships and no submarine
-The Rhineland was demilitarised
