appeasement Flashcards
What was the treaty of versailles
The treaty of versailles (June 28th 1919), was an agreement after ww1 that disarmed germany, limiting it to: no airforce, no tanks, a navy of only 6 warships and no submarines, and an infantry force of only 100,00. Germany lost 10% of its land all its colonies and was to pay 6.6 billion pounds in reparations and was split due to the polish corridor as to allow poland access to the sea. Additionally the rhine land had to be demilitarised.
What was the munich agreement
The munich agreement (29TH SEPTEMBER 1938) was that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland (The northern part of Czechoslovakia) to Germany, Czechoslovakia had 12 hours to accept this and 10 days to implement this. The munich
What was the pact of steel
The pact of steel was a mutual assistance pact between germany and italy, under the assumption war in europe would break out in the next 3 years, this pact was created on the 22nd of may 1939
What was the Anglo-Polish alliance?
The Anglo-Polish Alliance (31 March 1939) where the British govt. said they would be ‘bound at once to lend the Polish Govt. all support in their power’ in the event of German aggression/invasion
What was the Nazi-Soviet non aggression pact?
On the 23rd August, the two sides signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact or the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression
Pact. They agreed not to attack each other or join any alliances against the other
What was the anglo-german Naval agreement
The anglo-german Naval agreement (1935) was an agreement that allowed Germany to have a navy of up to 35% the size of the British common wealth navy
What effect did world war 1 have on France
France had suffered
enormous damage to its
land, industry and
population. Over 71% of
France’s military had been
either killed or injured during
the war. Many people in France now felt threatened by Germany
How did world war 1 effect america
The US had only been
involved in war for just over a
year so losses were smaller
than the other countries.
The US Government wanted
to make sure Europe stayed
peaceful so it did not have to
get involved in any more
wars.
How did world war 1 affect Britain
Britain suffered great
damage throughout the war.
Over 41% of Britain’s military
had been either killed or
injured during the war.
Before the war, Germany had
been Britain’s second largest
trading partner. Many
politicians were keen on
resuming these trading links.
Britain wanted to protect the
British Empire from any
threats.
Why was the German military situation by early 1918 so desperate
By early 1918, the military situation in Germany was desperate. The Allies’ blockade of German ports
had starved the economy of raw materials and the population (including soldiers) of food. Worse
still, since their entry into the war in 1917, the USA had sent tanks and heavy guns to France. The US
were also moving troops to Europe at a rate of 50,000 per month
Furthermore the German army was no longer as disciplined as it had been and had no reserves to call upon, the numbers of the German war machine had dwindled.
What lead up to the surrender of Germany
By November 1918, Germany’s allies were surrendering. In the northern ports German sailors
mutinied. In Berlin, crowds marched through the streets in protest. Realising that there was no
hope of winning the war, German army generals and politicians pressured the Kaiser (the Emperor
of Germany) to abdicate (stand down).
Germany’s political collapse paved the way for a ceasefire to be agreed upon. On the 11th of
November 1918, the armistice was signed.
What events were the events that accompanied the signing of the treaty of versailles
When the Armistice was signed on 11th November 1918, it was agreed that there would be a Peace
Conference held in Paris to discuss the post-war world. Opened on 18th January 1919, meetings
were held at various locations in and around Paris until 20th January 1920. Leaders of 32 states
representing about 75% of the world’s population, attended. However, negotiations were
dominated by the five major powers responsible for defeating the Central Powers: the United States,
Britain, France, Italy and Japan.
What were the terms of the treaty of versailles
Germany to lose 10% of its land, including Alsace Lorraine to France.
• Germany was split because the Polish Corridor was created to provide Poland access to the sea.
• An area called the Rhineland was to be demilitarised. This meant it was to remain part of Germany
but the German government was not allowed to put an army or defences in this area.
• Germany and Austria were not allowed to join together in a union (or, Anschluss).
• Germany lost all her colonies (overseas lands she controlled).
• The German army was reduced to 100,000 men.
• The German army was not allowed to have tanks.
• Germany was to have no air force.
• The German navy was only allowed 6 warships and no submarines.
• Germany had to accept to pay reparations of £6.6 billion (or, 132 million Deutsche marks).
• Germany lost coal mines and iron works as the Sarr region was put under the control of the League
of Nations for 15 years.
• Germany had no choice but to sign Article 231 of the Treaty which said Germany alone accepted
the blame for having caused the war.
What was the German reaction to the treaty of versailles
Germany believed the treaty of versailles was too harsh and cruel in every term and that this was dictated piece or “diktat”
What was the French reaction to the Treaty of versailles
France fully supported the
treaty – they felt threatened
by an aggressive Germany
on their border. Led to
disagreement between
Britain and France. Many
French people looked at the
terrible cost of the war and
believed that France had
suffered far more than
Germany.
