Apparatus Cards Flashcards by Phillip Randle

First principle of pressure

Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What class of foam is mixed @ 0.1-1.0%?

Class a foam 
Fire attack & overhaul .2-.5%
Exposure protection .5-1%
With air aspirating nozzle .3-.7%
Application with CAFS .2-.5%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Second principle of pressure

Fluid pressure @ a point in which a fluid at rest is the same in all directions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Third principle of pressure

Pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is transmitted equally in all directions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fourth principle of pressure

The pressure of a liquid in an open container/vessel is proportional to density of the liquid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fifth principle of pressure

The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sixth principle of pressure

The pressure of a liquid on the bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape of the vessel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Formula for nozzle reaction for smooth bore nozzle

NR=1.57xDxNP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Formula for nozzle reaction for fog nozzle

NR=.0505xQxSq root NP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Net Pump Discharge Pressure (NPDP)

NPDP=Pump Discharge (PDP)-Intake Reading

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The density of a liquid in relation to water

Specific Gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The speed with which water absorbs heat increases in proportion to what?

Waters surface area exposed to heat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from liquid to a vapor?

Laten heat of vaporization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specific heat of a substance is a ratio between what 2 things?

1) heat needed to raise temp of a specific quantity of a material
2) heat needed to raise the temp of an identical amount of water the same number of degrees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A measure of the heat absorbing capacity of a substance?

Specific Heat

BTU is an amount of heat required to raise temp of 1lbs of water 1*F

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Joules?

A measure of heat energy

A joule is equal to 1 newton or a distance of 1 meter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is….
Atmospheric Pressure?
Pressure less than Atmospheric?
Absolute 0 PSI?

Atmospheric pressure is 14.7PSI
Pressure less than atmospheric is a VACCUM
Absolute 0 PSI is a PERFECT VACCUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is…..
Static Pressure?
Residual Pressure?
Flow Pressure?

Static is pressure in system before flow
Residual is pressure left in system during flow
Flow is pressure at discharge during flow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is….
Altitude?
Elevation?

Altitude is position above/below sea level

Elevation is at center line of the pump and loss/gain at nozzle discharge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elevation equation for multiple storied building and height difference

EP= 5 PSI x (number of stories)

EP= (height in feet) /.5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Methods how foam extinguishes fires

Separating (creating a barrier)

Cooling (lower temp of fire)

Suppressing (prevents release of flammable vapors)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 basic methods by which foam is proportioned

Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What foam is formulated from hydrocarbon surfactants that reduce the surface tension?

Class A

What is the mix amount of VACCUM that most pumps can develop?

22 inches of mercury ( max theoretical lift of 33.8 feet)

What is max lift considered reasonable for most FD pumpers?

20 feet Amount of water that can be supplied is only about 60% of rated capacity

What are problems that can occur while operating from draft?

Air leak on INTAKE side Whirlpool allowing air to enter pump Air leak due to defective pump packing

What are the Siamese coefficients? (2) "2 1/2 (3) "2 1/2 (2) . "3 w/ 2 1/2 couplings

(2) "2 1/2 = .5 (3) "2 1/2 = .22 (2) . "3 w/ 2 1/2 couplings = .2

Percentage method (for hydrant preformance)

(Static-Residual)(100) ------------------------- Static 0-10=3x 11-15=2x 16-25=1x(same amount) 25+=no more

What types of class B foams are there?

Protein Base Synthetic Base Combination

Formula for friction loss

FL=CxQ2xL ------ 100

"1 Booster Line

150

"1 3/4 w/ "1 1/2 couplings

15.5

"2 1/2

"3 w/ "2 1/2 couplings

0.8

0.08

Formula for GPM

GMP"29.7 x d2 x sq root of Nozzle Pressure

3 factors that influence a centrifugal discharge pressure

1) amount of water being discharged 2) speed at which impeller is turning 3) pressure of water entering pump from pressurized source

Number of BTUs needed to convert 1lbs of water to steam

970 BTUs

Water expands ________ at _________*F

1700 and 212*F

Compound pressure gauge

Gauge able to measure both negative and positive pressure

Foam concentrate

Raw foam liquid in its storage container before air and water are introduced

Foam proportioner

Device that introduces foam concentrate into water stream to make foam solution

Foam solution

Mixture of foam concentrate and water before air is introduced

What is the minimum pump capacity for pumper?(NFPA standard)

750 GPM

Most common cause of skids in an appuratus

- driving to fast for conditions - failing to properly understand weight shifts - failing to anticipate obstacles - improper use of auxiliary braking devices - improper maintenance of tire pressure and tread

What is head pressure?

Height of a water supply above an oriface -water pressure to elevation .434 PSI/ft. H/2.304

What is BRAKING DISTANCE?

Distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a stop

What is REACTION DISTANCE?

Distance the vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from accelerator to the brake pedal

What is TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE?

Sum of drivers reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance

Colors used for hydrants and corresponding flows

LIGHT BLUE 1500 GPM or greater GREEN 1000-1499 GPM ORANGE 500-999 GPM RED 499 GPM or less

What are the percents used to classify low, medium, or high expansion foam?

NFPA 11 air/solution ratio ``` Low= 20:1 Medium= 20:1-200:1 High= 200:1-1000:1 ```

What are 3 foam application techniques?

Roll on (class B) Bank down (class B) Rain down (class B)

1 psi will lift 1 sq inch of water_________ high

2.304 ft

Unity of command

States you report to only 1 supervisor

What are the 3 tactical priorities?

- life safety (firefighter and rescue) - incident stabilization (fire control) - property conservation (loss control)

What is span of control?

That any officer can effectively manage only a certain number of individuals. (3-7 people)

What are 4 types of ventilation?

- natural - mechanical - horizontal - vertical (safest way to prevent back draft) 2 ways always combined