Apparatus Flashcards
defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds.
Organic Chemistry
– bonds formed by sharing electron
Covalent bonds
It is used to show the exact way the atoms are connected
Structural formula
compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
Isomers
The three categories of Organic compounds
- Aliphatic compounds
- Aromatic compounds
- Heterocyclic compounds
carbon atoms that join together to form continuous or branched chains
Aliphatic compounds
bonding of carbon compounds in the shape of a ring
Aromatic compound
a ringed-structure compound which contains other element than carbon in the ring
Heterocyclic compound
Saturated Hydrocarbons:
The Alkanes
organic compounds that contain elements carbon and hydrogen only
Hydrocarbons
are saturated hydrocarbons because of single covalent bonds between carbon atoms – all names ending in -ane
Alkanes
the general formula for alkanes is
CnH2n+2
when an alkane loses a hydrogen atom, it forms an ______ group whose name ends in -yl
alkyl
Uses of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds
*Alkanes like methane and ethane are used for heating, cooking purposes and for power utilities in gas turbines.
*Alkenes are used in the manufacture of plastics, like polyethylene, manufacture of ethanol and used as antifreezingfor motor car radiator.
Alkynes are used for making polymers, acetylene as fuel for welding torch, ethyne for ripening fruits.
alkanes also exist in the shape of a ring –
cycloalkanes
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
The alkenes and alkynes
have multiple bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms -ene
Alkenes
the general formula for alkenes is
CnH2n
compounds containing double bonds are called _____ and those containing triple bonds are called _____
dienes
trienes
contain one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms -yne
Alkynes
the general formula for alkynes is
CnH2n-2
Do not form complex molecular bonds that carbon makes possible
Inorganic compound
