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A. Spring Quiz/Exam Comp > APP > Flashcards

APP Flashcards

1
Q

slow pain fibers are:

A

c fibers

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2
Q

describe succ moa

A

a. Succinylcholine molecularly looks like acetylcholine and acts like acetylcholine to depolarize the junction. It first causes depolarization by opening up Na channels in phase 1. This leads to fasciculations followed by flaccid paralysis. The continuous depolarization gives way to gradual repolarization as the na-channel close. This resistance to depolarization (phase 2) paralysis.

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3
Q

S1, S2, S3 - largest somatosensory area of the cortex:

A

Lips

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4
Q

Nitrous oxide action is enhanced by?

A

sildenafil (Viagra)

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5
Q

Locate the ulnar nerve

A

bottom of the diagram; “6’o’clock” location

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6
Q

Lambert Eaton

A
  • Antibodies against ca-channels markedly reduce release of ach
  • associated with small cell lung ca
  • repetitive nerve stimulation demonstrates an increase in the motor action potential – if they regain their strength back then it’s lambert
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7
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

an immune mediated inflammatory selective demyelination of CNS white matter.
DX: MRI
TX: IV steroids to relieve acute symptoms.

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8
Q

NT Substance P function?

A

mediates pain

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9
Q

anterolateral sensory pathway includes:

A

light touch
pain
temperature

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10
Q

the anatomy of the cortex; Principal motor area (locate it on diagram):

A

Very top, center

(4) - parietal lobe

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11
Q

common neuron in spinal cord and brain:

A

multipolar

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12
Q

what metabolizes norepi

A

MAO & COMT

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13
Q

NT that enhances barbituates?

A

GABA

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14
Q

Dermatone of umbilicus

A

T10

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15
Q

Decreased in Parkinsons dieasea:

A

dopamine

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16
Q

dorsal column tract responsible for?

A

fine touch
two point discrimination
pressure
proprioception

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17
Q

Inhibitory potentials happen due to the opening of:

A

Chloride

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18
Q

excitatory potentials happen due to the opening of:

A

sodium

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19
Q

Locate the musculocutaneous nerve:

A

Top of the diagram

aprox. 11-o’clock position

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20
Q

what breaks down ACh?

A

AChE

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21
Q

What is the most excitatory NT?

A

glutamate

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22
Q

Speed of conduction:

A

Myelin sheath, made from schwann cells

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23
Q

black widow spider:

A

excessive ACh release –> convulsions

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24
Q

botulism:

A

blocks RELEASE of ACh from presynaptic terminal

25
Q

in MG, what receptor is destroyed?

A

ACh

26
Q

the cell muscarinic receptors act by?

A

IP3/ Ca++ mechanism

27
Q

Beta-2 stimulant e.g. Terbutaline?

A

Increase cAMP synthesis

28
Q

Aminophylline?

A

Phoshodiestestease Inhibitor

29
Q

Identify the sarcomere in the image:

A

Number 1

it’s the full image

30
Q

Isoflurane (volitalies) moa:

A

increases cl-entry into neurons

31
Q

What type of cells are the most abundant in the human body?

A

RBC’s

32
Q

What occurs if a RBC is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

the cell shrinks

33
Q

___ exerts the plasma oncontic pressure (28mmhg)

A

Albumin

34
Q

What is the correct sequence of events during muscular contraction?

A
  • ACTION POTENTIAL SPREADS ACROSS SARCOLEMA
  • ACTION POTENTIAL TRAVELS TO DEEPER PART BY T-TUBULES
  • RELEASE OF CALCIUM TO TROPONIN, TROPOMYSIN MOVES OUT OF THE WAY EXPOSING BINDING SITE
  • MYOSIN HEAD BIND TO ACTIN
35
Q

in error a patient is infused with large volume of a solution that causes lysis of rbc’s the solution is likely?

A

hypotonic urea

36
Q

final packing of cellular products occurs in?

A

golgi apparatus

37
Q

Defective _____ causes chediak-higashi syndrome?

A

microtubules

38
Q

What will happen if the heart and skeletal muscle are placed in a ca-free solution?

A
  • The heart will stop beating as it needs Ca for conduction.
  • The skeletal muscle contraction will keep contracting due to the Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
39
Q

What is the first step in relaxation of skeletal muscle?

A

Calcium uptake by the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

What is the MOA of potassium rich cardioplegic solution?

A

.K+ rich cardioplegic (heart paralysis) solution causes rapid membrane depolarization. But No repolarization can occur due to high extracellular K+ . Na+ channels are locked in the inactive state. The heart muscle is essentially in a permanent absolute refractory period. “pharmacological arrest”. Short Answer: Cardioplegic solution prevent repolarization, keep the membrane potential to -65 mV where Na+ inactivation gates close

41
Q

resting membrane potential of typical neuron shifts from its normal value of -70 mV to ____ with HYPOkalemia?

A

-80 mV

42
Q

At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that ___ ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while ___ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell?

A

Sodium outside

K inside

43
Q

Progressive external opthalmolplegia is a disorder of mitochondrial DNA. The transmission of this disease to baby occurs from?

A

mother only

44
Q

What is the MOA of lidocaine?

A

blocks Na/K pump

45
Q

Ion channels in the diagram show?

A

ligand gated channel

46
Q

During a nerve AP, a threshold stimulus is delivered as indicated by the arrow shown in this figure. In response to the stimulus, a second AP will….

A

NOT OCCUR

47
Q

An apparently healthy 12 yr old boy dies during minor surgery while under GA. An uncle also died during a surgical procedure. Results of a halothane contracture test indicate MH?

A

defective ryanodine receptors

48
Q

A cell equilibrated in an aqueous solution of 300mOSM/L Sodium chloride. Which of the following describes what happens to the cell?

A

no change

49
Q

a 42 yr old woman decides to lose weight on a diet by an anorexic friend. She loses about 30lbs in 45 days, but her serum potassium level falls to 2.1:

A

hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential

50
Q

these cells remain G0 state?

A

Neuron

51
Q

What is the STOP codon?

A

AUG

52
Q

Ciprofloxin inhibits:

A

DNA Gyrase

53
Q

Vancomycin inhibits:

A

bacterial wall synthesis

54
Q

Erythromycin inhibits:

A

50S Subunit of bacterial ribosome

55
Q

Sulfonamide inhibits:

A

Bacterial synthesis of folic acid

56
Q

slow leakage of ___ to outside of cell, is responsible for resting potential of -90mV?

A

K+

57
Q

In the following graph of nerve AP, what process is responsible fore the change in membrane potential that occurs b/w point 3 and point 4?

A

movement of K+ out of the cell

58
Q

in the graph of nerve action potential , what process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that occurs b/w point 1 and point 3?

A

movement of Na IN TO the cell

A. Spring Quiz/Exam Comp (9 decks)

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