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BMS2.21 Apoptosis (FOTY) > Apoptosis Review > Flashcards

Apoptosis Review Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis nucleus morphologic changes:

A
  • Chromatin Condensation.
  • Nuclear Fragmentation.
  • DNA Laddering.
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2
Q

Apoptosis cell membrane morphologic changes:

A

blebbing

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3
Q

Apoptosis cytoplasm morphologic changes:

A

Formation of apoptotic bodies.

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4
Q

Apoptosis biochemical features:

A

caspase-dependent

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5
Q

Apoptosis physiologic features:

A
  • Affects single cells.
  • No inflammatory response.
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6
Q

Autophagy nucleus morphologic changes:

A
  • Partial Chromatin Condensation.
  • No DNA Laddering.
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7
Q

Autophagy cell membrane morphologic changes:

A

Blebbing

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8
Q

Autophagy cytoplasm morphologic changes:

A

Increased number of autophagic vesicles.

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9
Q

Autophagy biochemical features:

A
  • Increased lysosomal activity.
  • No caspases.
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10
Q

Autophagy physiologic features:

A
  • Inflammatory response
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11
Q

Necrosis nucleus morphologic changes:

A
  • Clumping and random degradation of nuclear DNA
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12
Q

Necrosis cell membrane morphologic changes:

A
  • Swelling
  • Rupture
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13
Q

Necrosis cytoplasm morphologic changes:

A
  • Increased vacuolation
  • Organelle degeneration
  • Flattening
  • Increased granularity
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14
Q

Necrosis biochemical features:

A
  • Loss of regulation of ion homeostasis.
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15
Q

Necrosis physiologic features:

A
  • Affects groups of cells.
  • Significant inflammatory response.
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16
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Normal cell.

17
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Autophagy

18
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Apoptosis

19
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Necrosis

20
Q

What # caspases are the initiator (apical) caspases?

A

caspases 2, 8, 9, and 10

  • give the order for cell death
21
Q

What # caspases are the effector (executioner) caspases?

A

caspases 3, 6, and 7

22
Q

Steps in DNA-damage to apoptosis:

A
  1. p53 senses DNA damage.
  2. BH3 sensors BID/BAD/PUMA activated.
  3. BAX and BAK of BCL2 family activated.
  4. BAX and BAK compromise integrity of mitochondrial wall. Cytochrome C leaks out.
  5. Cytochrome C interacts with APAF1 to form the apoptosome.
  6. Apoptosome activates intiator caspase 9.
  7. Initiator caspases activate effector caspases 3, 6, and 7.
  8. Apoptosis occurs.
23
Q

What proteins in the BCL2 superfamily are anti-apoptotic and maintain integrity of the mitochonrial membrane?

A

BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL1

  • bind to mitochondrial membrane
  • no leakage of cytochrome C
24
Q

What proteins in the BCL2 superfamily are pro-apoptotic and compromise integrity of the mitochonrial membrane?

A

BAX and BAK

BMS2.21 Apoptosis (FOTY) (2 decks)

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