apoptosis, programmed cell death Flashcards
how do you control your organs sizes?
cell growth, cell division, cell death
examples of apoptosis during development?
sculpting, deleting structures, adjusting cell numbers
what disease if there is too much apoptosis?
alzheimers
disease if too little apoptosis?
cancer and autoimmune disorders
example ff apoptosis bing hijacked?
virus, bacteria
to get cancer, what two things have to be present
deregulated cell proliferation ALONG WITH suppressed apoptosis
what is necrosis
degeneration of all cellular organelles, and spewing contents by rupturing the plasma membrane into the environment
apoptosis vs necrosis
apoptosis condenses the chromatin and is controlled. the mitochondria in apoptosis are also not swelling and popping, unlike necrosis
early look of an apoptosing cell
it “rounds up” because the cytoskeleton is broken down by proteolysis
ie. it used to be a flat and happy fibroblast, and now it looks round and has condensed chromatin
what is blebbing? what does it do?
blebbing is breaking apart of the cell in a CONTROLLED manner. it allows a phagocyte or neutrocyte to recognize death and eat the cells
what regulates effectors? example of effector
sensors signal things like protease “capsase”
__are the things that keep a cell in its happy place
trophic growth factors (PDGJ,NGF,IGF,IL). if these are MISSING then apoptosis is initiated
what signals a cell to murder another cell?
presence of fas ligand or TNF stimulates apoptosis
so there are two ways to signal death. do the different signals have different results.
nope. death, by same mechanism
famous cancer related gene?
p53. it is a tumor supressor. if you don’t have it, you can’t trap the cell in G0 phase
