Apoptosis and Necrosis

Question 1

____ is commonly known as programmed cell death and occurs in response to death signals

Answer 1

Apoptosis

Question 2

____ can result from physical injury or other events such as: lack of blood supply or nutrients. It often causes damage to groups of cells.

Answer 2

Necrosis

Question 3

In necrosis, loss of membrane integrity leads to ___ and spilling of cellular contents and organelles into surrounding space. What response does this result in?

Answer 3

swelling; inflammatory molecules

Question 4

Necrosis causes rupture of cellular organelles, such as: mitochondria and lysosomes. Swelling and bursting of mitochondria and lysosome release ____ and ____, respectively

Answer 4

ROS; degradative hydrolytic enzymes

Question 5

What is gangrene a result of? When it occurs on a large scale, what can it cause?

Answer 5

Necrosis
It can cause damage to tissues

Question 6

True or False:
Necrosis often occurs in single cells

Answer 6

False
Necrosis often occurs in groups of cells

Question 7

How does apoptosis leave neighboring cells unharmed?

Answer 7

1) cell shrinkage
2) loss of cellular attachment
3) membrane blebs
4) nearby cells unharmed

Question 8

During apoptosis ____ flips to the outer portion of the plasma membrane

Answer 8

phosphatidylserine

Question 9

Apoptotic cells are cleared by cells of the immune system, such as macrophages. What signals macrophages to begin apoptosing a cell?

Answer 9

The presence of phosphatidylserine on the outer portion of the plasma membrane

Question 10

Macrophages engulf (phagocytosis) apoptotic cells and release anti-inflammatory molecules such as ___ and ___ in the ABSENCE of an immune response

Answer 10

IL-10 and TGF-B

Question 11

During apoptosis, ___ is released from the mitochondria and DNA is ___

Answer 11

cytochrome c; degraded

Question 12

What happens to nuclear material (chromatin) during apoptosis?

Answer 12

Begins to fragment and condense

Question 13

Does necrosis require ATP? Does apoptosis require ATP?

Answer 13

Necrosis does NOT require ATP
Apoptosis DOES require ATP

Question 14

What two ways are apoptosis important for development?

Answer 14

1) Selective apoptosis allow for sculpting of hand (space between fingers)

2) Prevention of auto-immune disorders by eliminating t-cells in the thymus that react with molecules in the body via: negative selection/apoptosis