Apoptosis Flashcards
Which is the false statement in reference to apoptosis?
a. It requires ATP
b. Cells swells
c. Nucleus condenses into small fragments
d. Organelles are conserved.
b. Cells swell
Why does neurodegenerative diseases occur?
Due to excess of apoptosis
HIV induces apoptosis of______ causing acquired immunodeficency syndrome.
T- helper cells
Cancer drugs force the activation of _______ pathways.
apoptotic
Which pathological condition will arise if the apoptotic pathway is blocked for elimination of self- reactive cells?
Autoimmune diseases.
Pathological conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer,s & Parkinson’s arise due to _______ apoptosis where _____ and ______ end up dying.
too much/excessive, cells and neurons
Too little apoptosis cause ____ cell division leading to ________.
excess, cancer.
Which group of scientists defined the term ‘APOPTOSIS’ for the first time in their paper in 1972?
Kerr, Wyllie and Currie
Whose lab identified Cytochrome C as the key activator of apoptosis thus making mitochondria as the central player of apoptosis?
Xiaodong Wang’s lab
Xiaodong Wang’s Lab in 1996 identified ______ as the key activator of apoptosis.
Cytochrome C
Xiaodong Wang’s Lab in 1996 identified this organelle as the key activator of apoptosis.
Mitochondria
Which Ced gene in Coenorhabiditis elegans was identified as antiapoptotic?
Ced-9
Mutation in which mammalian gene would lead to excess cell division?
a. Apaf-1
b. Bcl2
c. Ced-4
Apaf-1
Mutation in which C.elegans gene would lead to cell death?
a. Apaf-1
b. Bcl2
c. Ced-9
Ced-9
Which of the following correctly describes the role of Spo11 in homologous recombination?
- It coats the DNA single strand tails and aids in homology search.
- It inhibits non- homologous end joining.
- It is an evolutionary conserved topoisomerase like protein which creates DNA double strand breaks during Homologous Recombination.
- It is an accessory protein that allows the formation of D-loop intermediate.
- It is an evolutionary conserved topoisomerase like protein which creates DNA double strand breaks during Homologous Recombination.
Which of the following is a single gene family in mammals involved in apoptosis?
a. Apaf
b. Bcl2
c. Caspases
a. Apaf
Which gene family in mammals have both pro and antiapoptotic members?
Bcl2
The family of genes that regulate and effect the changes in apoptotic mammalian cells are the ________ and are homologue of _______ gene in C.elegans.
Caspases , Ced-3
Activation of _______ is the last step in apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells.
Caspases
T/F:
Caspases are involved only in apoptosis.
False:
Caspases are involved in other functions too like inflammation, etc.
How many known caspases are there in mammalian cells?
a. 14
b. 2
c. 12
d. 16
c. 12
Membrane blebbing in apoptosis is caused by which caspase-3 activity?
Activation of ROCK1 (Rho Activated Serine Threonine Kinase) which causes the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain thus causing the membrane blebbing.
Which caspase-3 activation pathway is the fastest to bring apoptosis?
Death Receptor Pathway or Extrinsic Pathway
Which receptors are present in the extrinsic pathway of caspase-3 activation?
TNF receptors and Fas receptors.
What is the TNF receptor?
TNF receptor is the receptor of Tumor Necrosis Factor molecule that binds to it leading to its trimerisation along with the Fas receptor leading to recruitment of Fadd protein which interacts with Caspase-8 via DED-DED interaction causing the activation of the casp-8 ultimately leading to cleavage and activation of Caspase-3.
CARD-CARD interaction between the pro domain of Caspase-9 and the ______ protein in the ________ complex leads to the activation of Caspase-9 through the process called as_______ in the _______ or the _______ pathway of Caspase-3 activation.
Apaf1, apoptosome, induced proximity, intrinsic , mitochindrial
Bcl in the Bcl2 stands for_______
B-Cell Lymphoma
The apoptosome complex in the apoptotic mammalian cell is caused by binding of ______ to the _____ protein.
Cytochrome C , Apaf1
______ family of proteins are regarded as the gatekeeper of determining whether cytochrome C stays inside or comes out of the mitochondria.
Bcl2
