Apoptosis

Question 1

Which is the false statement in reference to apoptosis?

a. It requires ATP
b. Cells swells
c. Nucleus condenses into small fragments
d. Organelles are conserved.

Answer 1

b. Cells swell

Question 2

Why does neurodegenerative diseases occur?

Answer 2

Due to excess of apoptosis

Question 3

HIV induces apoptosis of______ causing acquired immunodeficency syndrome.

Answer 3

T- helper cells

Question 4

Cancer drugs force the activation of _______ pathways.

Answer 4

apoptotic

Question 5

Which pathological condition will arise if the apoptotic pathway is blocked for elimination of self- reactive cells?

Answer 5

Autoimmune diseases.

Question 6

Pathological conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer,s & Parkinson’s arise due to _______ apoptosis where _____ and ______ end up dying.

Answer 6

too much/excessive, cells and neurons

Question 7

Too little apoptosis cause ____ cell division leading to ________.

Answer 7

excess, cancer.

Question 8

Which group of scientists defined the term ‘APOPTOSIS’ for the first time in their paper in 1972?

Answer 8

Kerr, Wyllie and Currie

Question 9

Whose lab identified Cytochrome C as the key activator of apoptosis thus making mitochondria as the central player of apoptosis?

Answer 9

Xiaodong Wang’s lab

Question 10

Xiaodong Wang’s Lab in 1996 identified ______ as the key activator of apoptosis.

Answer 10

Cytochrome C

Question 11

Xiaodong Wang’s Lab in 1996 identified this organelle as the key activator of apoptosis.

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which Ced gene in Coenorhabiditis elegans was identified as antiapoptotic?

Answer 12

Ced-9

Question 13

Mutation in which mammalian gene would lead to excess cell division?

a. Apaf-1
b. Bcl2
c. Ced-4

Answer 13

Apaf-1

Question 14

Mutation in which C.elegans gene would lead to cell death?

a. Apaf-1
b. Bcl2
c. Ced-9

Answer 14

Ced-9

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the role of Spo11 in homologous recombination?

1. It coats the DNA single strand tails and aids in homology search.
2. It inhibits non- homologous end joining.
3. It is an evolutionary conserved topoisomerase like protein which creates DNA double strand breaks during Homologous Recombination.
4. It is an accessory protein that allows the formation of D-loop intermediate.

Answer 15

3. It is an evolutionary conserved topoisomerase like protein which creates DNA double strand breaks during Homologous Recombination.

Question 16

Which of the following is a single gene family in mammals involved in apoptosis?

a. Apaf
b. Bcl2
c. Caspases

Answer 16

a. Apaf

Question 17

Which gene family in mammals have both pro and antiapoptotic members?

Answer 17

Bcl2

Question 18

The family of genes that regulate and effect the changes in apoptotic mammalian cells are the ________ and are homologue of _______ gene in C.elegans.

Answer 18

Caspases , Ced-3

Question 19

Activation of _______ is the last step in apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells.

Answer 19

Caspases

Question 20

T/F:

Caspases are involved only in apoptosis.

Answer 20

False:

Caspases are involved in other functions too like inflammation, etc.

Question 21

How many known caspases are there in mammalian cells?

a. 14
b. 2
c. 12
d. 16

Answer 21

c. 12

Question 22

Membrane blebbing in apoptosis is caused by which caspase-3 activity?

Answer 22

Activation of ROCK1 (Rho Activated Serine Threonine Kinase) which causes the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain thus causing the membrane blebbing.

Question 23

Which caspase-3 activation pathway is the fastest to bring apoptosis?

Answer 23

Death Receptor Pathway or Extrinsic Pathway

Question 24

Which receptors are present in the extrinsic pathway of caspase-3 activation?

Answer 24

TNF receptors and Fas receptors.

Question 25

What is the TNF receptor?

Answer 25

TNF receptor is the receptor of Tumor Necrosis Factor molecule that binds to it leading to its trimerisation along with the Fas receptor leading to recruitment of Fadd protein which interacts with Caspase-8 via DED-DED interaction causing the activation of the casp-8 ultimately leading to cleavage and activation of Caspase-3.

Question 26

CARD-CARD interaction between the pro domain of Caspase-9 and the ______ protein in the ________ complex leads to the activation of Caspase-9 through the process called as_______ in the _______ or the _______ pathway of Caspase-3 activation.

Answer 26

Apaf1, apoptosome, induced proximity, intrinsic , mitochindrial

Question 27

Bcl in the Bcl2 stands for_______

Answer 27

B-Cell Lymphoma

Question 28

The apoptosome complex in the apoptotic mammalian cell is caused by binding of ______ to the _____ protein.

Answer 28

Cytochrome C , Apaf1

Question 29

______ family of proteins are regarded as the gatekeeper of determining whether cytochrome C stays inside or comes out of the mitochondria.

Answer 29

Bcl2