Apnea

Question 1

What are the two types of sleep apnea?

Answer 1

Obstructive & Central (Non-obstructive)

Question 2

What are some characteristics of Central?

Answer 2

thermal instability, metabolic disorders, PDA, sepsis, anemia, NEC, shock

Question 3

What drugs are used with central sleep apnea?

Answer 3

Methylxanthines, theophylline & caffeine

Question 4

If resistant to theophylline, what will be used?

Answer 4

Phenobarbital or primidone

Question 5

What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 5

The tongue

Question 6

What are some anatomic abnormalities seen in infants with obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 6

1. premature development of pharyngeal musculature that leads to collapse
2. enlarged tonsils, adenoids, micrognathia (Pierre-Robin), facial abnormalities
3. Choanal atresia, laryngeal webs, vocal cord paralysis

Question 7

Is polysomnogram used in children?

Answer 7

Absolutely not!!

Question 8

How would you treat obstructive sleep apnea in a child/

Answer 8

CPAP (stabilize and support airway structures)