Apmp Flashcards
What are the primary functions of roots in plants?
Roots are responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing minerals, conducting minerals, and storing nutrients.
Roots are crucial for the stability and nutrient supply of the plant.
Which structures are unique to roots?
Root hairs
Root hairs increase surface area for absorption.
What is the role of the endodermis in mineral uptake?
The endodermis regulates the flow of minerals into the vascular system of the root.
This layer acts as a selective barrier.
What are the differences between monocot and dicot roots?
Monocot roots typically have a fibrous root system; dicot roots usually feature a taproot system.
This distinction affects plant growth and nutrient acquisition.
What type of movement occurs in roots to facilitate water absorption?
Osmosis and capillary action
These processes help transport water and nutrients from the soil.
What are root crops?
Root crops are plants cultivated for their underground edible roots.
Examples include carrots, potatoes, and beets.
What is the significance of plant root nodules in legumes?
They house bacteria that fix nitrogen, enriching soil fertility.
This symbiotic relationship benefits both the plant and soil health.
What are some examples of modified root systems?
- Tap root system
- Fibrous root system
- Prop roots
- Contractile roots
- Buttress roots
- Pneumatophores
- Suckers
- Epiphytic roots
Each type has a specific adaptation to environmental conditions.
What is the point system for the mini-fieldwork selfies?
The maximum total is 20 points for selfies that are accurately labeled and described.
Different root types have varying point values.
True or False: Students must join the mini-fieldwork to earn bonus points.
False
Participation is optional but failing to participate risks losing bonus points.
Fill in the blank: Roots can develop _______ relationships with fungi to maximize nutrient absorption.
non-pathological
This mutualistic relationship enhances nutrient uptake for both organisms.
What is a Terminal Bud?
The bud located at the tip of a stem that allows for vertical growth
Terminal buds are responsible for the elongation of stems.
What is an Axillary/Lateral Bud?
A bud that forms in the angle between a leaf and a stem, responsible for side growth
These buds can develop into branches or flowers.
What is a Leaf Scar?
The mark left on a stem after a leaf has fallen off
Leaf scars can provide information about the plant’s growth history.
What does ‘One Year’s Growth’ indicate?
The growth increment of a plant in a single growing season
This is often visible in the form of annual rings in trees.
What is a Bud Scale Scar?
A scar left on a stem where a bud scale was attached
It indicates where a bud was located during the previous growth season.
What is a Lenticel?
A small pore in the stem that allows for gas exchange
Lenticels are crucial for respiration in woody plants.
What is a Node?
The part of a plant stem where leaves or buds arise
Nodes are critical for plant structure and growth.
What is an Internode?
The segment of stem between two nodes
Internodes contribute to the overall height of the plant.
What is an Apical Meristem?
A region of actively dividing cells at the tips of roots and stems
Apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.
What is a Bud Scale?
A protective covering of a bud during dormancy
Bud scales help protect the developing bud from environmental factors.
What is a Xeromorphic Stem?
A stem adapted to store water, typically with thick-walled epidermis and a cuticle
Xeromorphic stems are common in plants adapted to dry environments.
How is negative geotropism useful to plants?
It allows roots to grow downwards and stems to grow upwards against gravity
This adaptation is crucial for proper plant orientation and resource acquisition.
Why are trees predominantly perennials?
Trees live for multiple years and can grow larger than annuals or biennials
Their ability to survive through different seasons contributes to their longevity.
Differentiate growth by girth and growth by height.
Growth by girth refers to an increase in stem thickness, while growth by height refers to vertical growth
Both types of growth are facilitated by meristematic tissues.
What are meristematic tissues?
Tissues that contain undifferentiated cells capable of division and growth
Meristematic tissues are essential for the growth of stems and roots.
Is it always fair to say that a plant consists of stems and roots?
True
Stems and roots are the two primary structures that support a plant’s growth and function.
Is it possible for trees to grow if the vascular tissues stop at the terminal branches?
No
Vascular tissues are essential for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Are all stems strictly above ground structures?
True
This characteristic applies to all known species of plants.
