aplang 51-

Question 1

hortatory

Answer 1

Urging, or strongly encouraging

Question 2

hortative sentence

Answer 2

A sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action

Question 3

hyperbole

Answer 3

An exaggeration for effect.

Question 4

image

Answer 4

A passage of text that evokes sensation or emotional intensity.

Question 5

imagery

Answer 5

Vivid use of language that evokes a reader’s senses; (sight [visual imagery]; taste [gustatory imagery]; touch [tactile imagery]; sound [auditory imagery]; smell [olfactory
imagery].)

Question 6

implied metaphor

Answer 6

A METAPHOR embedded in a sentence
rather than expressed directly as a sentence. For example, “His voice cascaded through the hallways” contains an implied metaphor; “His voice was a cascade of emotion” contains a
direct metaphor.

Question 7

induction

Answer 7

Reasoning that begins by citing a number of specific instances or EXAMPLES and then shows how collectively they constitute a general principle. (Supporting examples, then
thesis.)

Question 8

intention

Answer 8

he goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text—for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, or to persuade. Also called AIM and PURPOSE.

Question 9

invective (n.

Answer 9

Strongly abusive or critical language.

Question 10

irony

Answer 10

Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken.

Question 11

jargon

Answer 11

The specialized vocabulary of a profession or group.

Question 12

juxtaposition

Answer 12

Placement of two things side by side for emphasis

Question 13

metaphor

Answer 13

An implied comparison that does not use the word like or as—for example, “His voice was a cascade of emotion”; the most important of all the TROPE

Question 14

metonymy

Answer 14

An entity referred to by one of
its attributes or associations—for example, “The admissions
office claims applications have risen.”

Question 15

mood

Answer 15

The feeling that a text is intended to produce in the AUDIENCE.

Question 16

narration

Answer 16

An ANECDOTE or a story offered in support of a

GENERALIZATION, CLAIM, or point. Also, a function in texts accomplished when the speaker or writer tells a story

Question 17

occasion

Answer 17

An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.

Question 18

onomatopoeia

Answer 18

The use of words that sound like what they mean,

such as “hiss,” “buzz,” “slam,” and “boom.”

Question 19

OPTIC

Answer 19

An acronym for analyzing visual arguments

Question 20

Pacing

Answer 20

the relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented

Question 21

paradigm

Answer 21

an accepted way of thinking in a given context

Question 22

paradox

Answer 22

A statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning

Question 23

Pedantic

Answer 23

a term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing. It is scholarly and academic and often overly difficult and distant

Question 24

Pathos

Answer 24

the appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience

Question 25

persona

Answer 25

The character that a writer or speaker conveys to the AUDIENCE; the plural is personae.

Question 26

personification

Answer 26

Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate

objects.

Question 27

polemic

Answer 27

An argument against an idea, usually regarding

philosophy, politics, or religion.

Question 28

polysyndeton

Answer 28

A sentence which uses and or another conjunction to separate the items in a series. It makes the sentence slower and the items more emphatic than in the asyndeton.

Question 29

purpose

Answer 29

One’s intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing

Question 30

rhetor

Answer 30

The speaker or writer who uses elements of RHETORIC effectively in oral or written text

Question 31

rhetoric

Answer 31

The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.

Question 32

rhetorical choices

Answer 32

The particular choices a writer or speaker

makes to achieve meaning, PURPOSE, or EFFECT.

Question 33

rhetorical modes

Answer 33

Patterns of organization developed to achieve a
specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.

Question 34

rhetorical question

Answer 34

A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer

Question 35

rhetorical situation

Answer 35

A)writer, speaker, rhetor; B) purpose; C) audience; D) topic; E) context

Question 36

rhetorical triangle

Answer 36

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.

Question 37

Sarcasm

Answer 37

The use of mockery or bitter irony

Question 38

satire

Answer 38

An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something but actually argues against it

Question 39

Scheme

Answer 39

artful syntax, such as parallelism, juxtapositions, and antitheses

Question 40

serif, sans serif fonts

Answer 40

serif: with feet; sans serif: without.

Serif fonts appear more traditional

Question 41

simile

Answer 41

A type of comparison that uses the word like or as

Question 42

slang

Answer 42

informal language, often considered inappropriate for formal occasions and texts

Question 43

speaker

Answer 43

a term used for author, speaker or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing

Question 44

style

Answer 44

: The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the
selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech

Question 45

subject

Answer 45

One of the points on the Aristotelian or RHETORICAL TRIANGLE; the subject matter a writer or speaker is writing or
speaking about

Question 46

support

Answer 46

In a text, the material offered to make concrete or to back up a GENERALIZATION, CONCLUSION, or CLAIM

Question 47

symbol

Answer 47

In a text, an element that stands for more than itself and, therefore, helps to convey a THEME of the text.

Question 48

syntax

Answer 48

the order of words in a sentence

Question 49

synecdoche

Answer 49

A part of something used to refer to

the whole—for example, “50 head of cattle” referring to 50 complete animals

Question 50

telegraphic sentence

Answer 50

A SENTENCE OF 1-5 WORDS

Question 51

Text

Answer 51

this term used broadly, describes a piece of communication

Question 52

theme

Answer 52

the message conveyed by a literary work

Question 53

thesis

Answer 53

the main idea in a text, often the main generalization, conclusion or claim

Question 54

tone

Answer 54

the speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience

Question 55

trope

Answer 55

Artful diction; the use of language in a non-literal way; also called a figure of speech

Question 56

understatement

Answer 56

lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect

Question 57

unity

Answer 57

The sense that a text is, appropriately, about only one subject and achieves one major PURPOSE or EFFECT

Question 58

voice

Answer 58

: The textual features, such as diction and sentence structure, that convey a writer’s or speaker’s persona.

Question 59

volta

Answer 59

the Italian term for the ‘turn’ in the argument or mood of a sonnet

Question 60

zeugma

Answer 60

A TROPE in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning (“He maintained a business and his innocence”)