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AP Language > APL Rhetorical Terms > Flashcards

APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract

A

refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images.

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2
Q

allegory

A

an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and which the writer intends a second meaning

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3
Q

anecdote

A

a short simple narrative of an incident; humorous point or to make a prior

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4
Q

annotation

A

explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data

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5
Q

anatithesis

A

the presentation of two contrasting things

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6
Q

aphorism

A

a short often witty statement of a principle or truth about life

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7
Q

apostrophe

A

usually in poetry but sometimes in phrase; the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or abstract person or to a place,thing, or personified abstraction

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8
Q

argumentation

A

writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments

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9
Q

cacophony; dissonance

A

harsh awkward, or dissonant sounds deliberately in poetry

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10
Q

caricature

A

descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person’s appearance or a fact of personality

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11
Q

colloquialism

A

a word or phrase used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing

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12
Q

coherence; unity

A

quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle

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13
Q

concrete language

A

language that describes specific things, people, or phrases rather than ideas

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14
Q

connotation

A

implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the readers mind

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15
Q

consonance

A

repetition of identical consonant sounds within two or more words in close proximity, as in boost/best; it can also be seen within several compound words

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16
Q

conundrum

A

a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun

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17
Q

deducation

A

the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example

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18
Q

denotation

A

literal meaning of a word ad defined

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19
Q

description

A

the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste smell,and touch; one of the four modes of discourse

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20
Q

diction

A

word choice, an element of style, it creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning. different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. an essay written in academic diction would be much less colorful, but more precise than street slang

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21
Q

didactic

A

writing whose purpose is to teach. its works is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. may be fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking

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22
Q

discourse

A

spoken or written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration and persuasion

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23
Q

emotional appeal

A

when a writer appeals to reader’s emotions to excite and involve them in an acquirement

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24
Q

epigraph

A

the use of quotation at the begging of a work that hints at its theme

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25
Q

ethical appeal

A

when a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him/her based on a presentation of image of self through the text

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26
Q

euphemism

A

a more accepted and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate

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27
Q

euphony

A

a succession of humorous sounds in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony

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28
Q

emaple

A

an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern

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29
Q

explication

A

the art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text

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30
Q

exposition

A

the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background info necessary for understanding the plot

31
Q

generalization

A

when a writer bases a claim upon an isolated ex. or assents that a claim is certain rather than probable.

32
Q

Genre

A

a type of literary work, such as a novel or poem

33
Q

humor

A

anything that causes laughter or amusment

34
Q

hyperbole

A

deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis

35
Q

image

A

a word/words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a season experience or an object perceived by the sense

36
Q

imagery

A

words or phrase that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture

37
Q

induction

A

the process that moves from a given series of specific to a generalization

38
Q

inference

A

a conclusion one can draw from the presented details

39
Q

invective

A

a vertically abusive attack

40
Q

inversion

A

reversing the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase

41
Q

jargon

A

the special language of a profession or group. the term usually has pejorative associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to others.

42
Q

logical appeal; Logo

A

when a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reason

43
Q

lyrical

A

song like; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagintaton

44
Q

mode

A

the method or form of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written

45
Q

mood

A

similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work

46
Q

narration

A

the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama

47
Q

objectivity

A

an impersonal presentation of events and characters. it is a writers attempt to remove himself/herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story

48
Q

paradox

A

a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning

49
Q

parallesim

A

the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form

50
Q

parody

A

a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements

51
Q

pathetic appeal

A

when a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions. seeks pity

52
Q

pedantic

A

a term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing

53
Q

persuassion

A

a form of argumentation; language intended to convince through appeals to reason of emotion

54
Q

regionalism

A

an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the local and its influences as a major part of the plot

55
Q

repetition

A

word or phrase used two or more times in close proximty

56
Q

rhetorical modes

A

exposition, description, narration, argumentation

57
Q

rhetorical question

A

one that does not expect an explicit answer. it is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience

58
Q

sarcasm

A

harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone

59
Q

satire

A

a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior or portraying it in an extreme way.

60
Q

speaker

A

the voice of the work

61
Q

stereotype

A

a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality

62
Q

style

A

an authors characteristic manner of expression

63
Q

subjectivity

A

a personal presentation of events and characteristics

64
Q

syllogism

A

a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them

65
Q

synecdouche

A

a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using “boards” to mean a stage

66
Q

syntactic fluency

A

ability to create a variety of sentence structures, approximately complex and/or simple and varied in length

67
Q

syntactic permutation

A

sentence structures that are extraordinary complex and involved

68
Q

syntax

A

the grammatical structure of a sentence; arrangement of words in a sentece

69
Q

theme

A

the central idea or “message” of a literary work

70
Q

thesis

A

the main idea of a piece of writing

71
Q

tone

A

the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience

72
Q

transition

A

a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence paragraph to paragraph

73
Q

understatment

A

the opposite of exaggeration technique for developing irony and humor where one writes an essay or says less than intended

74
Q

voice

A

refers to two different areas of writing.

AP Language (2 decks)

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