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AP Language > APL Rhetorical Terms > Flashcards

APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract

A

Language that describes concepts rather than concrete images

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2
Q

Allegory

A

An extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read

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3
Q

Anecdote

A

A short, simple narrative of an incident

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4
Q

Annotation

A

Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data

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5
Q

Antithesis

A

The presentation of two contrasting images

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6
Q

Aphorism

A

A short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life

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7
Q

Apostrophe

A

The device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction

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8
Q

Argumentation

A

Writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments

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9
Q

Cacophony; Dissonance

A

Harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose

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10
Q

Caricature

A

Descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person’s appearance or a facet of personality

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11
Q

Colloquialism

A

A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing, but is often inappropriate in formal writing

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12
Q

Coherence; Unity

A

Quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle

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13
Q

Concrete Language

A

Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities

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14
Q

Connotation

A

Implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader’s mind

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15
Q

Consonance

A

A close similarity between consonants or groups of consonants, especially at the end of words

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16
Q

Conundrum

A

Something confusing or puzzling

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17
Q

Deduction

A

The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example

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18
Q

Denotation

A

Literal meaning of a word

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19
Q

Description

A

The process of giving an account or explanation of something; one of the four modes of discourse

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20
Q

Diction

A

The clarity with which somebody pronounces words when speaking or singing or their choice of words to fit their context

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21
Q

Didactic

A

Tending to give instruction or advice, even when it is not welcome or not needed; fond of instructing or advising others

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22
Q

Discourse

A

Serious speech or piece of writing; the four modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion

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23
Q

Emotional Appeal- Pathos

A

When a writer appeals to readers’ emotions to excite and involve them in the argument

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24
Q

Epigraph

A

The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme

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25
Q

Ethical Appeal- Ethos

A

When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him/her based on presentation of image of self through text

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26
Q

Euphemism

A

A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable

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27
Q

Euphony

A

A succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony

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28
Q

Example

A

An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern

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29
Q

Explication

A

The art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text

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30
Q

Exposition

A

Act of describing or discussing a theory, problem, or proposal, or of commenting on a written text

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31
Q

Generalization

A

A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases

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32
Q

Genre

A

A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter

33
Q

Humor

A

The quality of being amusing or comic, esp. as expressed in literature or speech

34
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally

35
Q

Image

A

A word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense. An image is always a concrete representation

36
Q

Imagery

A

Words or phrases that uses a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the 5 senses in order to create a mental picture

37
Q

Induction

A

The process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization

38
Q

Inference

A

A conclusion one can draw from the presented details

39
Q

Invective

A

A verbally abusive attack

40
Q

Inversion

A

Reversing the customary (subject first, then verb, then complement) order of elements in a sentence or phrase; it is used effectively in many cases, such as posing a question: “Are you going to the store?” Usually, the element that appears first in emphasized more than the subject

41
Q

Jargon

A

The special language of a profession or group. The term jargon usually has a pejorative associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders. The writings of the lawyer and the literary critic are both susceptible to jargon.

42
Q

Logical Appeal; Logos

A

When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons. The process of reasoning.

43
Q

Lyrical

A

Songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination

44
Q

Mode

A

The method or form of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written

45
Q

Mood

A

Similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work (the feeling of the work; the atmosphere). Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing.

46
Q

Narration

A

The telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse

47
Q

Objectivity

A

An impersonal presentation of events and characters. It is a writer’s attempt to remove himself or herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story. Hard news journalism is frequently prized for its objectivity, although even fictional stories can be told without a writer rendering personal judgement.

48
Q

Oversimplification

A

To simplify to the point of causing misrepresentation, misconception, or error

49
Q

Oxymoron

A

A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.

50
Q

Pacing

A

The movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another.

51
Q

Parable

A

A succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles.

52
Q

Paradox

A

A statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns our to have a rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”

53
Q

Parallelism

A

The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. Parallel structure may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the same type of phrases that modify the same noun or verb; it may also take the form of two or more subordinate clauses that modify that same noun or verb. Or, parallel structure may be a complex bend of single-word, phrase, and clause parallelism all in the same sentence.

54
Q

Parody

A

A work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements. It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous. It depends on allusion and exaggerates and distorts the original style and content.

55
Q

Pathetic Appeal; Pathos

A

When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions. The aspects of a literary work that elicit sorrow or pity from the audience. An appeal to emotion that can be used as a means to persuade. Over-emotionalism can be the result of an excess of pathos.

56
Q

Pedantic

A

A term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing.

57
Q

Persuasion

A

A form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion.

58
Q

Regionalism

A

An element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot.

59
Q

Repetition

A

Word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity

60
Q

Rhetorical Modes

A

Exposition, description, narration, argumentation

61
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

One that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience.

62
Q

Sarcasm

A

Harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony

63
Q

Satire

A

A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. Satire doesn’t simply abuse or get personal. It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.

64
Q

Speaker

A

The voice of a work; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious persona.

65
Q

Stereotype

A

A character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group who lacks individuality; a conventional patter, expression, or idea.

66
Q

Style

A

An author’s manner of expression - his or her diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to style

67
Q

Subjectivity

A

A personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author’s feeling and opinions.

68
Q

Syllogism

A

A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them. A syllogism is the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

69
Q

Synecdoche

A

A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole.

70
Q

Syntactic Fluency

A

Ability to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or simple and varied in length.

71
Q

Syntactic Permutation

A

a

72
Q

Syntax

A

a

73
Q

Theme

A

a

74
Q

Thesis

A

a

75
Q

Tone

A

a

76
Q

Transition

A

a

77
Q

Understatement

A

a

78
Q

Voice

A

a

AP Language (2 decks)

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