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AP Language > APL Rhetorical Terms > Flashcards

APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract

A

refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images

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2
Q

Allegory

A

an extended narrative in prose or verse in which the writer intends a second meaning

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3
Q

Anecdote

A

a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point.

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4
Q

Annotation

A

Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite, or give bibliographical data.

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5
Q

Antithesis

A

the presentation of two contrasting images

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6
Q

Aphorism

A

a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life.

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7
Q

Apostrophe

A

the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction.

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8
Q

Argumentation

A

writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments

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9
Q

Cacophony;Dissonance

A

harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose

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10
Q

Caricature

A

descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person’s appearance or a facet of personality.

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11
Q

Colloquialism

A

a word or phrase that is common in everyday conversation, but is not appropriate in formal writing.

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12
Q

Coherence;Unity

A

quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle.

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13
Q

Concrete Language

A

describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.

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14
Q

Connotation

A

implied or suggested meaning of a word

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15
Q

Consonance

A

repetition of identical consonant sounds within two or more words in close proximity

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16
Q

Conundrum

A

a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun

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17
Q

Deduction

A

the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example

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18
Q

Denotation

A

literal meaning of a word as defined

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19
Q

Description

A

the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation

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20
Q

Diction

A

word choice

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21
Q

Didactic

A

writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach

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22
Q

Discourse

A

spoken or written language

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23
Q

Emotional Appeal-Pathos

A

writer appeals to the readers’ emotions to involve them in the argument.

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24
Q

Epigraph

A

the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme.

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25
Q

Ethical Appeal-Ethos

A

writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text.

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26
Q

Euphemism

A

a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.

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27
Q

Euphony

A

a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose

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28
Q

Example

A

an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern.

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29
Q

Explication

A

The art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text.

30
Q

Exposition

A

the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot.

31
Q

Generalization

A

when a writer makes a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of some.

32
Q

Genre

A

a type of literary work, such as a novel or poem.

33
Q

Humor

A

anything that causes laughter or amusement

34
Q

Hyperbole

A

deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis.

35
Q

Image

A

A word or words used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense.

36
Q

Imagery

A

words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture.

37
Q

Induction

A

the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization.

38
Q

Inference

A

a conclusion one can draw from the presented details.

39
Q

Invective

A

a verbally abusive attack.

40
Q

Inversion

A

reversing the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase.

41
Q

Jargon

A

the special language of a profession or group.

42
Q

Logical Appeal; Logos

A

the writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons.

43
Q

Lyrical

A

songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination.

44
Q

Mode

A

the method or form of a literary work

45
Q

Mood

A

primary emotional attitude of a work

46
Q

Narration

A

telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama

47
Q

Objectivity

A

impersonal presentation of events and characters

48
Q

Parallelism

A

technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form.

49
Q

Parody

A

a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements.

50
Q

Pathetic Appeal; Pathos

A

a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions.

51
Q

Pedantic

A

a term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing. It is scholarly and academic and often overly difficult and distant.

52
Q

Persuasion

A

a form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion.

53
Q

Regionalism

A

an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot.

54
Q

Repetition

A

word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity.

55
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

one that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience.

56
Q

Sarcasm

A

harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony.

57
Q

Satire

A

a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way.

58
Q

Speaker

A

the voice of a work.

59
Q

Stereotype

A

a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group.

60
Q

Style

A

an author’s characteristic manner of expression.

61
Q

Subjectivity

A

a personal presentation of events and characters influenced by the author’s feelings and opinions.

62
Q

Syllogism

A

A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them.

63
Q

Synechdoche

A

a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using “boards” to mean a stage.

64
Q

Syntactic Fluency

A

Ability to create a variety of sentence structures.

65
Q

Syntactic Permutation

A

Sentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved.

66
Q

Syntax

A

the grammatical structure of a sentence.

67
Q

Theme

A

the central idea or “message” of a literary work

68
Q

Thesis

A

the main idea of a piece of writing.

69
Q

Tone

A

the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience.

70
Q

Transition

A

a word or phrase that links one idea, to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.

71
Q

Understatement

A

the opposite of exaggeration

72
Q

Voice

A

refers to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence’s subject and verb (active and passive voice). The second refers to the total “sound” of a writer’s style.

AP Language (2 decks)

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