APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards
To master the rhetorical terms in AP
Abstract
Refers to language that describes an idea rather than concrete images. To observe or “Physically describe” is usually a concrete image.
Allegory
Extended narrative in prose or in verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities: has a second meaning
Ancedote
A short, single narrative of an incident. Can be added for humorous effect or to make a point
Annotation
Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data
Antithesis
The presentation of two contrasting images. “To be or not to be,” , “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country”
Aphorism
a short, often witty statement about a truth of life
Apostrophe
Usually in Poetic writing, but also can be used in prose, the device of calling out to the abstract.
Argumentation
Writing that attempts to prove the validation of a point or theory by presenting a reasoned argument.
Cacophony-Dissonance
Harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used in deliberate in poetry or prose, opposite of Euphony
Caricature
Descriptive writing that greatly describes exaggeratedly a specific feature of a person in appearance or in personality
Colliqualim
Anything that can be used in informal writing but cannot be used in formal writing.
Coherence, Unity
Quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts are used to develop central ideas, themes of the organization princible
Concrete language
Describes specific, “physical” or “observable” things rather than abstract Idea’s
Consanance
Repetition of a constant sound
Condrum
A riddle where the answer is a pun, it may also be a paradox or an answer to a difficult problem
Deduction
The process of moving from a general rule to a specific answer
Denotation
Literal meaning of a word or phrase
Description
Picturing something through the five senses. One of the 4 modes of discourse
Diction
Word Choice, an element of style. Creates the tone, attitude, etc..
Didactic
Writing whose purpose if to instruct or to teach. Is usually formal, and ethical
Discourse
Spoken or witting of language. The four modes are: Description,Exposition, Narration, and Persuasion
Emotional Appeal
Pathos, appealing to the readers/viewers emotion
Epigraph
The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work or chapter to foreshadow events.
Ethical Appeal
Ethos; Usually appeals to the ethical side of persuasion, however, also the Persona tries to display themselves as proffesionals
Euphemism
A more pleasant or acceptable way to say something inappropriate or uncomfortable. Usually makes light of the situation
Euphony
A succession of harmonious sounds that is used in poetry
Example
An individual findings or experience
Explication
The are of interpreting or discovering the meaning of text. Involves close reading and special attention to Fig. Lang.
Exposition
The immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information needed to understand the plot. One of the four modes of discourse
Generalization
Basing a claim upon an isolated example or claims is certain rather than probable. Sweeping Generalizations occur when a writer notes that a claim applies to all instances
Genre
A type of literary work or a category
Humor
Anything that causes laughter or amusement; use to mean “temperament”
Hyperbole
A deliberate exaggeration to create humor or emphasis
Image
Words or a word used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceivable by the senses. An image is always a concrete rep.
Imagery
Words or phrases that use a collection of images to make a mental sensory picture
Induction
Process that moves from a given series of examples to a gerneralization
Inference
Conclusion that can be drawn from the present information
Invective
A verbally abusive attack
Inversion
reversing the customary (subject, verb, compliment) order of elements of a sentence or a phrase. Is often used to pose a question. Usually, the element that appears first is the verb or compliment.
Jargon
The special language of professionals in a certain career area
Logical appeal-Logos
An attempt to persuade a reader or listener through Logic, reasoning, Cause-effect
Lyrical
Song like- Characterized by subject, object, or image
Mode
The Method of a literary work
Mood
Similar to tone, this sets the emotional state of a paper, and syntax is very important
Narration
The telling of a story, one of the four modes of discourse
Onjectivity
An authors attempt to remove him/herself from a piece of writing and only tell the raw facts and data
Paradox
A statement that contradicts itself, but turns out to have a rational meaning
Parallelism
The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or large structures side by side so that they are similar or mimic one another
Parody
A work that ridicules another work by exaggerating its elements and either being lightly humorous or completely destroying the original meaning
Pathetic Appeal- Pathos
Appealing to the emotions; often looks for sympathy or forgiveness
Pedantic
A term used to describes writing on lecturing
Persuasion
A from of Argumentation. One of the four modes of discourse. It tries to convince the reader of a point or an idealoligy
Regionalism
Elements in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of specific geographical line
Repetition
Word or phrase used in close proximation two or more times
Rhetorical Modes
Exposition, description, narration, argumentation
Rhetorical Question
A question that doesn’t expect any explicit action; it simply is used to introduce a idea or something that the audience should think about
Sarcasm
Harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone, less subtle than irony
Speaker
The voice of the work
Stereotype
A trait that is usually attributed to a specific group of individuals
style
The authors characteristic of expression
subjectivity
a personal presentation of events and character, is influenced by the authors thoughts, emotions, feeling, morals, ect.
Syllogism
a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn. Has a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
Snecdone
Figure of speech in which part of something is used to represent a whole
Syntactic fluency
Ability to create a variety of sentence structures
Syntatic permuration
Sentence structures that are extraordinarily involved.
Syntax
The grammar; the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax increases length of structure, and varies sentences accordingly.
Theme
The Central Idea
Thesis
The main idea; often an assertion of the claim
tone
the attitude of the author
transition
a word or phrase that moves from one idea to the next
Understatement
The opposite of exaggeration
Fallacy
defects that weaken arguments. has many forms, including the:
Hasty generalization: Making assumptions on a whole group based on individuals
Missing the point- supporting a particular conclusion, but only hearing what you want to here and saying what you think is right
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