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AP Language Rhetorical Terms > APL Rhetorical Terms > Flashcards

APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract

A

refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images

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2
Q

Allegory

A

a work in which the characters and events are to be understood as representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning

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3
Q

Anecdote

A

a short simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous sffect or to make a point

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4
Q

Annotation

A

adding of notes: the addition of explanatory or critical comments to a text; explanatory note: an explanatory or critical comment that has been added to a text

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5
Q

Antithesis

A

direct opposite: the complete or exact opposite of something; figure of speech: a use of words or phrases that contrast with each other to create a balanced effect

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6
Q

Aphorism

A

a short, often whitty statement of a principle or a truth about life

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7
Q

Apostrophe

A

usually in poetry but sometimes in prose; the device of calling out an imaginary, dead or absent person or to a place, thing , or personified abastraction

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8
Q

Argumentation

A

debate: the process of debating or discussing something; logical reasoning: reasoning that proceeds methodically from a statement to a conclusion
.

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9
Q

Cacophony; Dissonance

A

use of jarring sounds: the use of harsh unpleasant sounds in language, e.g. for literary effect

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10
Q

Caricature

A

comic exaggeration: a drawing, description, or performance that exaggerates somebody’s or something’s characteristics for humorous or satirical effect

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11
Q

Colloquialism

A

informal expression: an informal word or phrase that is more common in conversation than in formal speech or writing

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12
Q

Coherence; Unity

A

logically or aesthetically consistent: logically or aesthetically consistent and holding together as a harmonious or credible whole

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13
Q

Concrete language

A

language that describes specific, observable things, people, pr places, rather than ideas or qualities

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14
Q

Consonance

A

similarity between consonants: a close similarity between consonants or groups of consonants, especially at the ends of words, e.g. between “strong” and “ring”

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15
Q

Conundrum

A

something confusing: something that is puzzling or confusing; word puzzle: a riddle, especially one with an answer in the form of a play on words

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16
Q

Deduction

A

the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example

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17
Q

Denotation

A

literal meaning of a word

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18
Q

Description

A

process of describing: the process of giving an account or explanation of something: one of the four modes of discourse

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19
Q

Diction

A

spoken clarity: the clarity with which somebody pronounces words when speaking or singing: choice of words: choice of words to fit their context

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20
Q

Didactic

A

with message: containing a political or moral message: fond of instructing or advising others: tending to give instruction or advice, even when it is not welcome or not needed

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21
Q

Discourse

A

serious speech or piece of writing: a serious and lengthy speech or piece of writing about a topic; the four modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion

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22
Q

Emotional appeal - Pathos

A

when a writer appeals to the readers a emotions to excite and involve them in argument

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23
Q

Epigraph

A

introductory quotation: a quotation at the beginning of a book, chapter, or section of a book, usually related to its theme

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24
Q

Ethical Appeal - Ethos

A

when a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him based on a presentation of immage of self

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25
Q

Euphemism

A

less offensive synonym: a word or phrase used in place of a term that might be considered too direct, harsh, unpleasant, or offensive

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26
Q

Euphony

A

pleasant sound: a pleasant sound, especially in speech or pronunciation

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27
Q

Example

A

representative of a gerneral plan

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28
Q

Explication

A

the art of interpreting or dicovering the meaning of a text

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29
Q

Exposition

A

act of describing or discussing something: the act of describing and discussing a theory, problem, or proposal, or of commenting on a written text

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30
Q

Generalization

A

sweeping statement: a statement presented as a general truth but based on limited or incomplete evidence

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31
Q

Genre

A

category of artistic works: one of the categories, based on form, style, or subject matter, into which artistic works of all kinds can be divided.

32
Q

Humor

A

funny quality: the quality or content of something such as a story, performance, or joke that elicits amusement and laughter

33
Q

Hyperbole

A

deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis

34
Q

Image

A

likeness seen or produced: the likeness of somebody or something that appears in a mirror, through a lens, or on the retina of the eye, or is produced electronically on a screen

35
Q

Imagery

A

mental images: a set of mental pictures produced by the memory or imagination or conjured up by a stimulus

36
Q

Induction

A

the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization

37
Q

Inference

A

a conclusion one can draw from presented details

38
Q

Invective

A

a verbally abusive attack

39
Q

Inversion

A

reversal: a reversing of the order, arrangement, or position of something; reversed state or thing: a state in which the order, arrangement, or position of something is reversed, or something in such a state

40
Q

Connotation

A

implied additional meaning: an additional sense or senses associated with or suggested by a word or phrase. Connotations are sometimes, but not always, fixed, and are often subjective

41
Q

Jargon

A

special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

42
Q

Logical Appeal; Logos

A

when a writer tries to persuade the audience based on facts and reasons. the process of reasoning.

43
Q

Lyrical

A

songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivly, and imagination

44
Q

Mood

A

the feeling of a work; the atmosphere; similar to tone

45
Q

mode

A

the method of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written

46
Q

narration

A

the action or process of telling a story.

47
Q

objectivity

A

an impersonal presentation of events and characters. It is a writers attempt to remove himself from and subjective, personal involvement in the story.

48
Q

parrallelism

A

the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form

49
Q

Parody

A

an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect;produce a humorously exaggerated imitation of (a writer, artist, or genre).

50
Q

Pathetic Appeal; Pathos

A

when a witer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions

51
Q

Paradox

A

a statement or proposition that, despite sound(or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory

52
Q

Pedantic

A

writing that borders lecturing

53
Q

Persuasion

A

language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion

54
Q

rationalism

A

a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response

55
Q

repetition

A

word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity

56
Q

rhetorical modes

A

exposition, description, narration, argumentation

57
Q

rhetorical question

A

question that does not expect an explicit answer

58
Q

sarcasm

A

harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone, less subtle than irony

59
Q

satire

A

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues

60
Q

speaker

A

the voice of a work

61
Q

stereotype

A

a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality

62
Q

style

A

an authors characteristic manner of expression, his diction, syntax, imagery, stricter, and content all contribute to style

63
Q

subjectivity

A

judgment based on individual personal impressions and feelings and opinions rather than external facts

64
Q

syllogism

A

an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises), each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion (e.g., all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs )

65
Q

syntactic fluency

A

Ability to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or simple
and varied in length

66
Q

syntactic permutation

A

Sentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved. They are often
difficult for a reader to follow

67
Q

syntax

A

the grammatical structure of a sentence; the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax includes length of sentence, kinds of sentences (questions, exclamations, declarative sentences, rhetorical questions, simple, complex, or compound)

68
Q

theme

A

the central idea or “message” or a literary work

69
Q

thesis

A

the main idea of a piece of writing. It presents the author’s assertion or claim. The effectiveness of a presentation is often based on how well the writer presents, develops, and supports the thesis

70
Q

tone

A

the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience (anger, sarcastic, loving, didactic, emotional, etc.)

71
Q

transition

A

a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph

72
Q

understatement

A

the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended

73
Q

Voice

A

refers to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence’s subject and verb (active and passive voice). The second refers to the total “sound” of a writer’s style

74
Q

asyndeton

A

leaving out conjunctions: the omission of conjunctions in sentence constructions in which they would usually be used

75
Q

polysyndeton

A

repetition of conjunctions: the use of multiple conjunctions or coordinate clauses in close succession, as in “The bad news caused him to weep and cry and wail”
.

AP Language Rhetorical Terms (3 decks)

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