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APK 4175 > APK 4175 Exam 1 > Flashcards

APK 4175 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of a muscle fiber where muscle action takes place?

A

Sarcomere

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2
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

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3
Q

What are the different kinds of muscle fibers types and their attributes?

A

Type l - Slow twitch
-High oxidative capacity
-lower contractile force capacity
-better for endurance

Type ll- Fast twitch
-High glycolytic capacity
-higher contractile capacity
-Strength and power activities

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4
Q

What are the contractile proteins in skeletal muscle?

A

Actin and Myosin

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5
Q

What is the muscle spindle vs golgi tendon organ?

A

Muscle spindle: Provide information about the rate of change in muscle length

Golgi tendon Organ: Located in the musculotendinous junction and respond to changes in muscle tension

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6
Q

Movements and their planes: In which plane does extension/flexion, abduction/adduction, circumduction/rotation occur?

A

extension/ flexion: Sagittal
abduction/ adduction: Frontal
Circumduction/ rotation: transverse

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7
Q

What is concentric, eccentric and isometric? Can you identify it given different exercises?

A

Concentric: muscle shortening, Going against gravity ex. lifting a weight

Eccentric: muscle lengthening, Going with gravity ex. lowering a weight

Isometric: When a muscle is activated but no movement occurs ex. the standing phase of a squat exercise

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8
Q

What is the blood-flow through the heart? Name all structures and valves?

A
  1. superior and inferior Vena cava
  2. into right atrium
  3. through tricuspid valve
  4. into right ventricle
  5. through pulmonary valve
  6. through pulmonary artery
  7. to the lungs
  8. through pulmonary veins
  9. into left atrium
  10. through bicuspid/ mitral valve
  11. into left ventricle
  12. through aortic vavle
  13. into aorta
  14. to the rest of the body
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9
Q

What is stroke volume? Cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume: the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle from a contraction

Cardiac output: stroke volume x hr; blood per min

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10
Q

What happens to HR, Blood pressure, and respiration rate during aerobic exercise?

A

HR = 170-210
BP = 200/85
RR = 40-60 breaths per min

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11
Q

What part of the body is responsible for producing red blood cells, protecting organs and tissues, and providing support for the body?

A

Skeletal system

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12
Q

Which is lordosis, kypohosis and scoliosis?

A

lordosis: excessive inward curvature of the lower spine

kyphosis: excessive outward curvature of the upper spine

scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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13
Q

Where can you measure HR (pulse)? Which is the most commonly used during exercise?

A

Carotid artery; Brachial artery; Radial artery

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14
Q

Are body weight exercises the most appropriate for beginners and the overweight and obese?

A

No

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15
Q

What are the energy systems and their contribution to exercise?

A

Krebs and Phosphagen

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16
Q

How many minutes of moderate intensity activity per week should adults engage in according to the 2018 guidelines?

A

150 min per week

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17
Q

what are the recommendations for muscle strengthening activities for adults per week?

A

two or three times per week

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18
Q

What percentage of adults in the nation in 2018, are meeting both, the aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines?

A

24%

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19
Q

What is the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. adult population from 2015 to 2016

A

39%

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20
Q

Obesity affects some groups more than other T/F

A

True

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21
Q

There is no relationship between education level and obesity T/F

A

False

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22
Q

Which of the following two states has the highest prevalence of obesity (>35%) from 2016-2018?

A

Mississippi and West Virginia

23
Q

A-B ——-> A+B+Energy is an example of which type of reaction

A

Exergonic

24
Q

A+B+Energy ——–> A~B is an example of which type of reaction

A

Endergonic

25
Q

The breaking down of molecules into smaller ones is called

A

Catabolism

26
Q

Which of the following primarily dictates the degree that an energy system contributes to the needed production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Intensity

27
Q

Extensive activation of which of the following energy systems is associated with lactic acid production in the muscle

A

Fast glycolysis

28
Q

Carbon dioxide is the primary by-product of which of the following pathways in the mitochondria

A

Krebs cycle

29
Q

Which of the following energy systems is capable of producing ATP at the greatest rate?

A

Phosphagen

30
Q

Which of the following energy systems is primarily active during rest

A

Oxidative

31
Q

Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for all cellular functions

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ADP)

32
Q

Which of the following vessels or structures does the blood flow to after leaving the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary artery

33
Q

In which of the following structures in the lungs does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

34
Q

Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate T/F

A

True

35
Q

The higher the intensity of exercise, the higher the excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after exercise T/F

A

True

36
Q

Oxygen uptake rate can be decribed as, at the beggining of exercise the body undergoes ________ and after exercise __________

A

Oxygen deficit; oxygen debt

37
Q

Which type of muscle action indicates the muscle fiber is shortening

A

concentric

38
Q

the ________ explains how muscles contract

A

sliding filament theory

39
Q

Muscle connective tissues

A

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

40
Q

Which muscle fiber type is only recruited through higher intensity activities

A

type II

41
Q

Which of the following provides storage for calcium in the human body

A

bone

42
Q

The following assessment is an indirect measurement of pressure inside an artery cause by the force exerted by blood against the vessel wall

A

blood pressure

43
Q

The seven skinfold measurements used for calculating body fat are

A

chest, midaxillary, abdominal, suprailiac, subscapularis, triceps brachii, thigh

44
Q

which of the following muscle is considered the primary mover in the squat exercise during hip extension

A

Gluteus maximus

45
Q

Body weight exercises is much easier for those who are classified as obese and its preferable than machines or resistance equipment T/F

A

False

46
Q

which of the following joint actions happen in the sagittal plane

A

plantar flexion

47
Q

Which of the following movements (joint actions) happen on the transverse plain

A

pronation/supination

48
Q

Which of the following spine conditions is associated with an anterior pelvic tilt, curved spine, and is common in obesity

A

Lordosis

49
Q

leg raise specifically target

A

the hip flexors

50
Q

which of the following exercises targets the deltoids

A

overhead press

51
Q

if a client is performing concentric shoulder flexion, which of the following exercises may her or she be performing

A

front shoulder raises

52
Q

What is the flow of air through respiratory systems?

A

The air that we breathe in enters the nose or mouth, flows through the throat (pharynx) and voice box (larynx) and enters the windpipe (trachea). The trachea divides into two hollow tubes called bronchi.

53
Q

oxygen deficit

A

The period during exercise when the O2 delivered to the muscle is less than that required for ATP to be produced aerobically. The anaerobic systems make up the extra contribution required.

54
Q

oxygen debt

A

During recovery where the O2 delivered to the muscle is above that at rest.

APK 4175 (2 decks)

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