APHY LO1-nerve tissue

Question 1

CNS consists of

Answer 1

brain

spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

connect CNS with body walls, cavities, organs, and extremeties
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia-masses of nervous tissue

Question 3

sensory function

Answer 3

gathering environmental info by sensory receptors at ends of peripheral neurons

Question 4

integrative function

Answer 4

info is brought together creating sensations (perceptions) adding to memory or helping to produce thoughts in the CNS

Question 5

motor function

Answer 5

impulses that have specific effects on body parts called effectors

Question 6

two types of effectors

Answer 6

muscles and glands

Question 7

motor functions of the PNS

Answer 7

somatic nervous system(voluntary)

autonomic nervous system(unvoluntary)

Question 8

autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

sensory neurouns (relay info from autonomic sensory receptors; found in visceral organs)
motor neurons (send info from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands)

Question 9

2 branches on autonomic motor neurons

Answer 9

sympathetic nervous system - fight of flight

parasympathetic nervouse system - rest & digestion

Question 10

neuron

Answer 10

has cell body and tubular processes calles nerve fibers

Question 11

types of nerve fibers

Answer 11

axon

dendrites

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

finction as neurons main receptor & transmits impulses to cell body

Question 13

axons

Answer 13

single fiber extension from neuron of cell body to transmit inpulese away.
may be encased in lipid covering - myeline sheath

Question 14

myeline sheath

Answer 14

white mater
cover axon and increase speed of nereve impulses
produced in schwan cells on PNS

Question 15

nerolema

Answer 15

thin nucleus containing membrae that covers myelin sheath

only found surrounding the myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 16

myelin sheath in CNS

Answer 16

produced by oligodendrocytes (type of neuroligical cell)

Question 17

oligodendrocytes

Answer 17

resposible for adding layers of myelin sheath around multiple axons at the same time.
DO NOT have neurolema (unable to naturally generate)

Question 18

types pf neurons

Answer 18

sensory (afferent)
interneurons (association)
motor (efferent)

Question 19

sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 19

recieve info from sensory receptors
carry it from PNS toward CNS via cranial or spinal nerves
specialized nerve endings which respond to environmental stimuli

Question 20

interneurons (association) neurons

Answer 20

located in brain or spinal cord & form links between other neurons

1) sensory -> motor = reflex
2) carry impulse from sensory up spinal cord to brain
3) in thought patterens from one interneuron to another
4) carry impulse down spinal cord to motor neuron

Question 21

motor (efferent) neuron

Answer 21

carry info from CNS to effectors in PNS via cranial or spinal nerves
when stimulated by motor impulses, effectors will cause response.
muscle will contract - glands will secrete

Question 22

SAME

Answer 22

Sensory = Afferent
Motor     = Efferent

Question 23

neurological cells CNS

Answer 23

structural support for neurons
insulating layers on myelin
phagocytize bacterial cells & cell debris
form cerebrospinal fluid
form innner linings that enclose spaces within the brain

Question 24

synaptic transmission

Answer 24

junction between two neurons - synapse

gap between two neurons - synaptic cleft

Question 25

process of nerve impulse

Answer 25

travels from axion of presynaptic neuron to dendrites or cell body of postsynaptic neuron. synaptic knobs conatins synaptic vessicles which are stimulated to release nerotransmitter into synaptic cleft for another impulse to be transmitted, nurotransmitter that was released needs to be removed

Question 26

neurotransmitter can be removed by

Answer 26

diffusing in synaptic cleft decomposing enzymes in synaptic cleft removes it reuptake(return) of neurotrasmitter to the presynaptic neuron

Question 27

nerves

Answer 27

many nerve fibers in a bundle in CNS bundles of nereve fibers are TRACTS SENSORY NEREVE- only afferent neurons MOTOR NEREVE- only efferent neurons most nreves contain BOTH and are called mixed

Question 28

nerve pathways

Answer 28

once change is detected, electrical impulse is generated | impulse goes to brain for interpretation and contiunues to effectors so response can be generated

Question 29

types of stiumuli

Answer 29

``` mechanical -pin prick chemical- tasting thermal- change in temp stretch- change in BP sound- turning head toward noise ```

Question 30

complete afferent pathway

Answer 30

extends from receptor to brain carries nerve impulses to spinal cord interneuron carries impulse up spinal cord to brain

Question 31

complete efferent pathway

Answer 31

from brain to effector interneuron from brain to appropriate level of spinal cord then an efferent neuron from the cord to the effector

Question 32

pathway from receptor ro effector

Answer 32

SENSORY (afferent) - cell body outside MOTOR (efferent) - cell body inside INTERNEURONS - entore neron inside

Question 33

5 componesnt of reflex

Answer 33

``` receptor sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron effector ```

Question 34

withdrawl reflex

Answer 34

3 neurons involved