aphug unit 3 culture

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

A way of life defined by traditions, beliefs, and characteristics

Culture encompasses the shared practices and values of a group.

Question 2

Define cultural trait.

Answer 2

A feature of a culture that defines it

Cultural traits can include language, customs, and traditions.

Question 3

What are artifacts?

Answer 3

Physical objects that are part of a culture or society

Artifacts can include tools, clothing, and art.

Question 4

What are sociofacts?

Answer 4

Social aspects and structure of a culture

Sociofacts include family structures, social roles, and community organization.

Question 5

What are mentifacts?

Answer 5

Ideas, beliefs, values of a culture

Mentifacts reflect the intellectual and spiritual aspects of a culture.

Question 6

Define popular culture.

Answer 6

Globalized, widely accepted cultural norms

Popular culture often includes trends in music, fashion, and entertainment.

Question 7

What is traditional culture?

Answer 7

Traditional customs that have been followed for generations

Traditional culture often includes rituals, ceremonies, and folklore.

Question 8

What are cultural norms?

Answer 8

Things considered normal in a culture

Norms guide behavior and expectations within a cultural group.

Question 9

Define ethnocentrism.

Answer 9

Viewing other cultures through a lens of your own and judging based on that

Ethnocentrism can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Question 10

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 10

Viewing other cultures through an unbiased lens and trying to understand the meaning behind their traditions

Cultural relativism promotes empathy and understanding.

Question 11

What is a cultural landscape?

Answer 11

The effects of a culture on a land; how a society has shaped their land

Cultural landscapes can include architecture, agriculture, and urban planning.

Question 12

Define identity in cultural terms.

Answer 12

A sense of who you are

Identity can be influenced by culture, ethnicity, and personal experiences.

Question 13

What is sequent occupance?

Answer 13

The idea that every society leaves behind some kind of mark on the land

This concept illustrates how cultures build upon the legacies of previous cultures.

Question 14

Define ethnicity.

Answer 14

Being of a group of people with shared culture and characteristics

Ethnicity often includes shared language, religion, and heritage.

Question 15

What are ethnic neighborhoods?

Answer 15

A neighborhood/residential area mostly made up of one ethnicity, forming a community

Ethnic neighborhoods can provide cultural support and identity.

Question 16

What is traditional architecture?

Answer 16

A building style that is influenced by culture in an area, made with local materials, traditions/heritage and passed down techniques

Traditional architecture reflects the history and values of a culture.

Question 17

Define postmodern architecture.

Answer 17

A building style that came in the 70s and 80s, based on different architectural styles; unique design

Postmodern architecture often challenges traditional forms.

Question 18

What is religion?

Answer 18

What people believe in/their faith guiding their lifestyle

Religion can influence morality, laws, and social structures.

Question 19

What is a pilgrimage?

Answer 19

Journey for a religious reason

Pilgrimages often hold significant spiritual meaning for practitioners.

Question 20

Define language.

Answer 20

How people talk

Language is a primary means of communication and cultural expression.

Question 21

What are toponyms?

Answer 21

Names of a place

Toponyms can reflect cultural, historical, or geographical significance.

Question 22

What are gendered spaces?

Answer 22

Places specifically for women/men

Gendered spaces can highlight societal roles and expectations.

Question 23

What is a safe space?

Answer 23

A place where you are safe

Safe spaces are often created to provide support and acceptance.

Question 24

Define gentrification.

Answer 24

Renovating an area of a city; replacing old buildings with new ones to prevent sprawl

Gentrification can lead to displacement of long-term residents.

Question 25

What is a third place?

Answer 25

A social setting separate from home and work ## Footnote Third places are important for community building.

Question 26

What is sense of place?

Answer 26

The feelings/thoughts/memories associated with an area ## Footnote Sense of place can influence individual and community identity.

Question 27

Define placemaking.

Answer 27

Making a place that's suitable for society living ## Footnote Placemaking involves community involvement and sustainable practices.

Question 28

What are dialects?

Answer 28

Regional differences in pronunciation, spelling, etc. ## Footnote Dialects reflect cultural and geographical diversity.

Question 29

Who are adherents?

Answer 29

People who follow a religion ## Footnote Adherents can vary widely in their practices and beliefs.

Question 30

What are denominations?

Answer 30

Subgroups within a religion that have distinct beliefs or practices ## Footnote Denominations can reflect variations in interpretation of religious texts.

Question 31

Define sect.

Answer 31

Very small group of people who believe in some fundamentals of a religion but are not entirely associated with it ## Footnote Sects often emerge as a reaction to the larger religious community.

Question 32

What is a centripetal force?

Answer 32

Force that brings a community/nation together ## Footnote Centripetal forces can include shared values, traditions, and goals.

Question 33

Define centrifugal force.

Answer 33

Force that pushes a community/nation apart; can lead to devolution ## Footnote Centrifugal forces can include cultural differences and conflicts.

Question 34

What is diffusion?

Answer 34

Flow of ideas, traits, etc from place to place ## Footnote Diffusion can occur through migration, trade, and communication.

Question 35

What is a cultural hearth?

Answer 35

The original area where a culture began ## Footnote Cultural hearths are often centers of innovation and influence.

Question 36

Define expansion diffusion.

Answer 36

Strong in hearth, spreads out around the world ## Footnote Expansion diffusion often leads to widespread cultural influence.

Question 37

What is contagious diffusion?

Answer 37

Spreads person to person ## Footnote Contagious diffusion can occur rapidly within communities.

Question 38

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Answer 38

Spreads from an influential area down the socioeconomic ladder; can be reversed ## Footnote Hierarchical diffusion often reflects power dynamics.

Question 39

Define stimulus diffusion.

Answer 39

Spreads to a new area, some aspects changed to adapt, but underlying trait remains the same ## Footnote Stimulus diffusion allows for cultural adaptation while maintaining core elements.

Question 40

What is a lingua franca?

Answer 40

A common language for the world ## Footnote Lingua franca facilitates communication across different language speakers.

Question 41

Define creolization.

Answer 41

A new, full language made of two others; often in colonization; like a pidgin language except a full language ## Footnote Creolization often results from cultural contact and blending.

Question 42

What is a pidgin language?

Answer 42

A language made when two different languages come in contact; not a fully developed language but just a means of communication ## Footnote Pidgin languages often emerge in trade or colonization contexts.

Question 43

Define cultural convergence.

Answer 43

Interaction between two cultures leads to blending of some traits ## Footnote Cultural convergence can result in shared practices and ideas.

Question 44

What is cultural divergence?

Answer 44

Time and lack of interaction makes two cultures very different ## Footnote Cultural divergence often leads to distinct identities and practices.

Question 45

What is acculturation?

Answer 45

Taking on/adapting to some aspects of another [dominant] culture, while still keeping one’s own; one culture is adapted to, the other is minor and reduced ## Footnote Acculturation often occurs in immigrant communities.

Question 46

Define intersectionality.

Answer 46

How combos of privilege and discrimination in several societal aspects result in someone’s identity ## Footnote Intersectionality emphasizes the complexity of identity.

Question 47

What is assimilation?

Answer 47

Adapting to another culture, to the point where one’s culture can be lost; one culture is dominant, other is reduced/lost ## Footnote Assimilation often leads to cultural homogenization.

Question 48

Define syncretism.

Answer 48

Two cultures are blended; neither is dominant over the other ## Footnote Syncretism can create new cultural practices and beliefs.

Question 49

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 49

Recognizing multiple cultures in a society; diversity ## Footnote Multiculturalism promotes inclusivity and respect for differences.

Question 50

What are collectivist cultures?

Answer 50

Group needs over individual needs; opposite of the West ## Footnote Collectivist cultures emphasize community and cooperation.

Question 51

Define cultural appropriation.

Answer 51

Misusing symbols or -facts of a culture ## Footnote Cultural appropriation can lead to controversy and conflict.

Question 52

What is a language family?

Answer 52

A group of languages that have a common ancestor; Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan are largest ## Footnote Language families illustrate historical connections between languages.

Question 53

What is an isolate in linguistics?

Answer 53

Something by itself; to keep by itself ## Footnote Isolates are languages that have no known relatives.

Question 54

Define language branch.

Answer 54

Subdivision of a language; Germanic, Romance, Slavic ## Footnote Language branches indicate closer relationships among languages.

Question 55

What are language groups?

Answer 55

Further division of a language branch; English, Italian, Ukrainian ## Footnote Language groups highlight specific languages within a branch.

Question 56

What are universalizing religions?

Answer 56

Religions seeking converts ## Footnote Universalizing religions often promote their beliefs globally.