APHUG Unit 2 Vocab. Flashcards
Emigration
People who move out of the country
Environmental degradation
Deterioration of the environment through depletion of natural resources
Immigration
People who move into a country
Population distribution
The pattern of human settlement
Industrial Revolution
Changes in technology that increased manufacturing productivity
Agricultural density
The number of farmers per unit area of farmland
Arable land
Land that is able to grow crops
Arithmetic density
The number of people per unit area of land
Ecumene
Portion of Earth with human settlement
Intervening obstacle
Barriers that make reaching a desired destination more difficult
Intervening oppurtunity
Environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
Physiological density
The number of people per unit area of arable land
Pull factor
Migration due to negative conditions and circumstances
Push factor
Migration due to positive conditions and circumstances
Carrying capacity
The population that a region can support
Overpopulation
The growth of population beyond what an area can support
Replacement-fertility level
The total fertility rate at which a population replaces itself from one generation to the next
Age/sex ratio
The cumulative result of past trends of fertility, mortality and migration
Population pyramid
Tool to study population with age and sex
Zero population growth
The maintenance of a population at a constant level
Crude birth rate
The number of births per year for each 1,000 people
Crude death rate
The number of deaths per year for each 1,000 people
Demography
The study of statistics which illustrate the changing structure of human populations
Doubling time
The time it takes a population to double in size
Fecundity
The ability to reproduce in an abudance
Fertility
The number of children born to a woman
Infant mortality rate
The number of children that die before their first birthday
Medical revolution
Medical technology made in Europe and North America diffused to poorer countries
Mortality
Death on a large scale
Rate of Natural increase
The difference between the number of births and deaths in a year
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman has
Demographic transition model
Shows five stages a country goes through as it modernizes
Epidemiologic transition
Changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death
Antinatalist policies
Programs to decrease the number of births
Pronatalist policies
Programs to increase fertility rate
Contracepetion
Designed to prevent pregnancy
Dependency ratio
A value comparing the nonworking to the working parts of a population
Graying population
When a population becomes more dominated by older people
Life expectancy
The number of years the average person will live
Asylum seeker
A person who has left their country as a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another
Chain migration
When migrants follow each other to a particular destination
Forced migration
Movement of refugees and internally displaced people
Guest worker
A person with temporary permission to work in another country
Internally displace person
A person who is forced to flee their home, but remains on their country’s borders
Refugee
A person who leaves home to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Step-migration
A migration pattern in which rural inhabitants move closer to urban areas
Transhumance
The action of moving livestock from one grazing field to another
Transnational migration
The process of movement and settlement across country borders
Voluntary migration
One’s free will and initiave to migrate
Brain drain
The emigration of intelligent people from a country
Net migration
The difference between the number of immigrants to the number of emigrants
Natural hazards
Natural occuring physical phenomena
Internal migration
Migration within a country or state/provinces
Unauthorizied immigrant
People living in a country without proper citizenship
Urban
An area constituting a city or town
