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ApHug > ApHug Migration+Language > Flashcards

ApHug Migration+Language Flashcards

1
Q

What is Language?

A

Language is a system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of
people understands that have the same meaning.

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2
Q

How does language reflect and shape one’s culture?

A

Language reflects and shapes a culture by helping to create a sense of place, shaping a cultural
landscape, and it is a key element in communication with other cultures

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3
Q

How do languages change

A

Languages can change by communication technology, reshaping of a culture, and destroying
old practices or the languages themselves

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4
Q

What is someone called that studies language?

A

Somebody that studies language is called a linguist

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5
Q

Define isoglosses

A

Isoglosses are boundaries between variations and pronunciation or word usage

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6
Q

Why does the distribution of languages change over time?

A

Distribution of languages change over time because some language are lost with assimilation,
but some can be diffused widely with globalization

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7
Q

Describe the 2 different ways the major languages(10) have spread

A

The two ways that the major languages have spread is through conquest and
colonialism

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8
Q

What is a lingua franca

A

Lingua Franca is a common language used by people who do not share the same native
language.

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9
Q

What is a Pidgin language

A

A simplified mixture of two languages that have fewer grammar rules and a smaller
vocabulary;however, it is not the native language of either group

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10
Q

What are Creole languages (explain also how they formed ** always on AP)

A

Two or more separate languages that mix to develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so
that they are not a pidgin language anymore, but instead create a new combined language

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11
Q

What is Swahili

A

The results from trade between Arab-speaking merchants and bantu-speaking residents.

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12
Q

What is Folk Culture

A

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

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13
Q

What is Pop Culture

A

set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared meanings of a social system (Globalized).

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14
Q

What is the Culture hearth

A

a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions diffuse from

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15
Q

What is a cultural taboo

A

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

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16
Q

What is the cultural landscape

A

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

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17
Q

What are Ethnic enclaves

A

Clusters of people within the same culture

18
Q

What is Globalization

A

Growth to a global or worldwide scale

19
Q

What is Space-time compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

20
Q

What is diffusion

A

The spread of a thing from one place to another

21
Q

What is Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of a cultural trait by people who migrate and carry those traits with them

22
Q

What is Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

23
Q

What is Contagious Diffusion

A

When a cultural trait spread continuously outward through contact among people

24
Q

What is hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend from a key person of authority or power to other people or places

25
Q

What is stimulus diffusion

A

when people in a culture adopt an underlying idea or process from another culture, but modify it because they reject one trait of it.

26
Q

What is acculturation

A

When an ethnic/immigrant group adopts practices and values from their receiving group

27
Q

What is Assimilation

A

When an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from its receiving group

28
Q

Nativist

A

a person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants

29
Q

What does it mean to have a sense of place?

A

Feelings evoked as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

30
Q

What is a “uniform” place

A

A place that has little to no variation

31
Q

What is Material culture

A

Physical things created by members of a society

32
Q

What is ethnocentrism

A

Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group

33
Q

What can cause languages and culture to go extinct (4)

A
  • genocide
  • Pressure of globalization
  • Cultural convergence
  • Laws against the use of indigenous languages
34
Q

What is cultural divergence

A

Cultures becoming less alike due to both cultural and physical barriers
Example: the Amish

35
Q

What is an official language

A

The language used by the government of a country for laws, reports, signs, public objects, money, stamps.

36
Q

What is an official language that is CentriPETAL

A

This means that the official language brings people together

37
Q

What is an official language that is CentriFUGAL

A

This means that the official language TEARS people APART

38
Q

Want is Friction of distance

A

as a cultural trait diffused the people who adapt it might alter it

39
Q

What does distance decay and friction of distance cause

A

Distance decay and friction of distance cause closer groups of people to be more alike compared to groups further from each other

40
Q

What is Imperialism

A

The dominance of one country over another country through diplomacy or force

41
Q

What is Colonialism

A

When a powerful country established settlements in a less powerful country to economic and/or political gain

42
Q

What is Neocolonialism

A

“New” colonialism - term to describe how in more modern times, imperialism can be pursued through the assertion of political, economic and cultural influence rather than occupation

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