APHG Unit 3 Vocabulary

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Refers to the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

Question 2

Cultural trait

Answer 2

Material objects shared by a group, such as food and clothing, as well as language and other shared cultural practices, which include activities that most group members do

Question 3

Artifacts

Answer 3

Visible objects and technologies that a culture creates, such as houses and buildings, clothing, tools, toys, and land-use practices

Question 4

Sociofacts

Answer 4

Structures and organizations that influence social behavior, such as families, governments, educational systems, and religious organizations

Question 5

Mentifacts

Answer 5

Central, enduring elements of a culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs, such as languages

Question 6

Popular culture

Answer 6

Widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

Question 7

Traditional culture

Answer 7

Composed of long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation, such as languages, food, ceremonies, and customs

Question 8

Cultural norms

Answer 8

Shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people, play an important role in upholding traditions and keep traditional culture from changing

Question 9

Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

Tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture, belief that their culture is superior

Question 10

Cultural relativism

Answer 10

Evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards, to understand the context behind the cultural practices of another culture

Question 11

Cultural landscape

Answer 11

A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values, offers clues about cultural practices and priorities, both present and past

Question 12

Identity

Answer 12

How humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

Question 13

Sequent occupance

Answer 13

Notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region

Question 14

Ethnicity

Answer 14

State of belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Question 15

Ethnic neighborhoods

Answer 15

Cultural landscapes within communities of people outside of their areas of origin, such as Chinatown in Vancouver, British Columbia

Question 16

Traditional architecture

Answer 16

Establishes building styles of different cultures, religions, and places was originally influenced by the environment and is based on localized needs and construction materials

Question 17

Postmodern architecture

Answer 17

Emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to “modern” designs, which emphasized form, structure, and materials

Question 18

Religion

Answer 18

A system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values, slowest type of cultural trait to change

Question 19

Pilgrimage

Answer 19

A journey to hoody place for spiritual reasons, such as temples or church

Question 20

Language

Answer 20

Carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Question 21

Toponyms

Answer 21

Help define what is unique about a place, such as it’s geographic features or history

Question 22

Gendered spaces

Answer 22

Spaces that may be designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

Question 23

Gender identity

Answer 23

“One’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both or neither, how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves

Question 24

Safe spaces

Answer 24

Spaces of acceptance for people such as members of LGBTQIA+ community

Question 25

Third place

Answer 25

Refers to a communal space such as a coffee shop or anything that is separate from home(first place) or work(second place)

Question 26

Sense of place

Answer 26

A geographic location with meaning by connecting memories and feelings to it(childhood home)

Question 27

Placemaking

Answer 27

A community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

Question 28

Dialects

Answer 28

A variation of a standard language specific to a general area

Question 29

Adherents

Answer 29

People who are loyal to a belief, religion, or organization

Question 30

Denominations

Answer 30

Separate organizations that unite a number of local congregations such as Baptist

Question 31

Sect

Answer 31

Relatively small group that has separated from an established denomination

Question 32

Centripetal force

Answer 32

A force that unites a group of people

Question 33

Centrifugal force

Answer 33

A force that divides groups of people

Question 34

Gentrification

Answer 34

Driven up the demand for housing and the cost of living in LGBTQIA+ neighborhoods

Question 35

Acculturation

Answer 35

When cultures come together, either through migration or some form of expansion diffusion

Question 36

Assimilation

Answer 36

A category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Question 37

Collectivist cultures

Answer 37

Where people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Question 38

Contagious diffusion

Answer 38

Occurs when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently, or to people or place that are next to or adjoining one another