Aphasias Flashcards
What is aphaisa?
• an impairment of the ability to produce, comprehend or repeat language that results from an acquired brain injury, such as a stroke, tumor, head injury, or progressive degenerative disease
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with Broca’s aphasia?
production o nonfluent, possibly apraxia or dysarthia, o verb finding harder than noun finding o closed-class elements impaired o reduced syntactic complexity comphrension o relatively preserved o poor comprehension of complex syntax, reversed word order repetition o disrupted o multiword sentences hard o closed-class items hard
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with Broca’s aphasia?
production o nonfluent, possibly apraxia or dysarthia, o verb finding harder than noun finding o closed-class elements impaired o reduced syntactic complexity comphrension o relatively preserved o poor comprehension of complex syntax, reversed word order repetition o disrupted o multiword sentences hard o closed-class items hard
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with Wernicke’s apahisa
production: o fluent o phonemic paraphasias ( words that sound the same), jargon (well articulated, meaningless speech) o morphological substitutions o patients often unaware comprehension : o sentence and phrases impaired o even words may be impaired repetition : o disrupted o errors of word choice, phonology, grammar
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with Wernicke’s apahisa
production: o fluent o phonemic paraphasias ( words that sound the same), jargon (well articulated, meaningless speech) o morphological substitutions o patients often unaware comprehension : o sentence and phrases impaired o even words may be impaired repetition : o disrupted o errors of word choice, phonology, grammar
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with conduction aphasia
production
• more fluent than brocas, less than wernickes
• phonemic paraphrasisa
• reccurent attempts to produce desired phonological form
comprehension
o relatively preserved
o possible difficulties with long sentence with high STM load
repetition
o disrupted
o multi-word sequences disturbed
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with global apahsia
production o severely impaired o major lesion compression o relatively preserved repetition o relatively preserve
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with anomic aphaisa
production o fluent with hesitations o marked word-finding difficulty o sometimes some word categories worse than others comprehension o relatively preserved repetition o relatively preserved
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with transcortical motor aphasia
production o poor planning and initiation comprehension o relatively preserved repetition o good
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with transcortical sensory aphasia
production o phonemic paraphasias comprehension o impaired repetition o good
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in those with mixed transcortical aphasia
production o combination of motor and sensory comprehension o impaired repetition o good
What are the 6 types of aphasias in polyglots?
- selective: one lang partially recovered, one not
- differential: one lang recovered better than the other
- successive: one lang partially recovered first, the other one later
- antagonistic: one lang progresses while the other regresses
- alternating antagonistic: availability shifts back and forth between langs
- blending or mixed: properties of various languages are mixed
what are the main types of progressive aphasias?
- Semantic Dementia: trouble naming people, objects, facts and words.
- progressive non-fluent/agrammatical aphasia (PNFA) - difficulty producing language fluently even though they retain the meanings of words. talk slowly
- logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) - Word-finding difficulties, speech production skills are spared, pause often to try to think of the words they want to say.
what are the 3 main types of progressive aphasias?
- Semantic Dementia: trouble with word meanings - fluent but “empty speech with general terms (things) - word finding problems
- progressive non-fluent/agrammatical aphasia (PNFA) - difficulty producing language fluently even though they retain the meanings of words. talk slowly
- logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) - Word-finding difficulties, speech production skills are spared, pause often to try to think of the words they want to say.
What is production, comprehension and reptition like in semantic dementia?
p o fluent but with semantic errors c o impaired r o intact
Where is the atrophy in semantic dementia. What other non-verbal deficits?
•atrophy
o anterior temporal lobes
•non verbal deficits
o object recognition, social cognition, emotional regulation, empathy, ability to understand what other people are thinking
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in progressive non-fluent/agrammatical aphasia (PNFA)?
• production
o nonfluent, hesitant, agrammatic, often phonological errors, often apraxia of speech
• comprehension
o often intact for single words, simple sentence, impaired for complex sentences
• repetition
o impaired
Where is the atrophy in PNFA. What other non-verbal deficits?
• atrophy
o left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (broca’s area) extending posteriorly into insulate
• non verbal deficits
o working memory, executive functions
What is production, comprehension and repetition like in logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA)
• p
o sever word finding difficulties, some phomenic parahphasias
• c
o mostly intact for single words and simple sentences, impaired for complex sentences
• r
o usually intact for single
Where is the atrophy in LPA. What other non-verbal deficits?
• atrophy
o left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernickes)
• non verbal deficits
o ideomotor apraxia (cant imagine how to do things, ex. can you show me how you brush your hair, can’t picture actions in ones head), calculation difficulties
