Aphasia Flashcards
1
Q
What does PALPA stand for?
A
Psycholinguistic assessment of language processing in aphasia
2
Q
What are the three parts of the triangle model
A
Semantics, orthography, phonology
3
Q
Word Factors that might affect performance on assessment
A
Length of word Imageablility Frequency Regularity (eg Yacht is irregular) Grammatical class
4
Q
What is a superordinate semantic error
A
The semantic group above the target eg saying ‘tool’ instead of ‘hammer’
5
Q
What is a subordinate semantic error
A
‘Hammer’ instead of ‘tool’
6
Q
What is a coordinate semantic error
A
Same semantic level error eg ‘screwdriver’ instead of ‘hammer’
7
Q
What is an association semantic error
A
Eg nail instead of hammer, so the words are associated with each other
8
Q
What’s a morphological error
A
Eg wrong suffix -‘hammered’ instead of ‘hammer’
9
Q
Name an O-S-P task
A
Reading aloud words
10
Q
Name an O-P task
A
Reading aloud non words
11
Q
Name a P-S task
A
Spoken word to picture matching
12
Q
Name a S-P task
A
Picture naming
13
Q
Formal assessment for single word processing
A
Boston Naming
CAT
14
Q
Name some activities that target orthographic
A
Spelling- rearranging letters, copying, filling in blank
Anagrams
15
Q
What is semantic feature analysis
A
Used with nouns and verbs
Asking questions such as who? What? Where? Purpose? Visual features?
16
Q
Name some semantic activities in single word processing
A
SWPM
Categorisation
Identify picture from description
Synonyms
17
Q
Name some single word processing phonology activities
A
Discrimination
Repetition
Rhyme
Segmentation
18
Q
What is the difference between impairment based approach and participation based approach
A
Impairment- pinpoint and treat impairment
Participation- impact of impairment
19
Q
Who came up with the social model
A
Sarno (1977)
20
Q
What does the social model believe
A
Aphasia is a social problem
Disability stems from inaccessible social and physical environment
21
Q
What is the social models view in terms of assessment
A
Natural observations Conversation Semi structured interview Rating scales Quality of life measures
22
Q
What might be used to get patients view on their aphasia
A
Communication disability profile (Swinburn and Byng 2006)
COAST
CAT- disability section
23
Q
How can a conversation partner support an individual with aphasia
A
Modify environment Alter rate Decrease complexity Modelling Forced alternatives Total communication Cueing
24
Q
What factors can influence quality of life
A
Premorbid state Pain Finance Support system Personality Age
25
How can you measure QoL
Reflection- questions
Questionnaire- communication disability profile (swinburn and byng 2006)
Rating Scales- burden of stoke scale (Doyle 2002)
26
How do you measure emotional well being
Stroke aphasic depression questionnaire (Sutcliffe and Lincoln 1998) - observation
Visual analogue mood scale (1997) - self report
27
What QoL intervention can be offered
Therapeutic discussion- support conversation
Promote activity- set functional goals, improve opportunities for client
Support groups
28
Benefits of group therapy
```
Meet others with aphasia
Peer feedback
Safe environment
Decrease isolation
Increase participation
```
29
What barriers could there be for communication
Environmental- unable to access physical environment
Structural- lack of accessible resources
Attitudinal- prejudice
Informational- not in accessible format
30
Name some features of fluent aphasia
Poor word retrieval
Empty speech
MLU exceeds 5/6 words
Jargon
Semantic / phonological errors
31
Name some features of non fluent aphasia
Impaired expressive language
MLU 3/4 words
Poor morphology
Omissions
Telegraphic speech
Good use of content words
32
What is agrammatism
Poor inflectional morphology
Omission of function words
Difficulty with ‘wh’ questions
33
What are the stages of Garretts model (1975)
```
Message level
(Decide what to say)
Functional level
(Activate semantic representation)
Positional Level
(Structure, inflections applied, finalise word order)
Phonetic level
(Decide on phonemes)
Articulatory
(Articulated via motor programme)
```
34
How can you assess sentence comprehension
SSPM/WSPM
CAT- subsections
PALPA- subsections
TROG
Informal- conversation
Sentence level questions/ instructions
Reading newspapers/ menus
35
How can you assess sentence production
```
Picture description-
Cookie theft
CAT
Narratives- Cinderella story
Conversation
Functional task- write a text
```
36
Why assess discourse
Greater quantities of information
Can measure degree of perseveration.
Look at macro and micro structure
37
What atypical features could present in conversation analysis
Difficulty starting / changing topic
Difficulty transitioning topic
Turn taking
Repair
38
What is the benefits of conversation analysis for the PWA
Explore and target linguistic aspects of language
| Explore patterns of behaviour (eg possible use of total communication, of avoidance of communication)
39
What is the benefits of conversation analysis for the CP
Observe patterns of behaviour to identify beneficial practices (facilitation)
Or maladaptive behaviours (dominating conversation)
40
Name 3 aphasia batteries and their publishing date
```
PALPA (1992)
-very large
-select relevant subsections
CAT (comprehensive aphasia test) (2004)
- can plot results to show clients
- highlights strengths and weaknesses
WAB (western aphasia battery) (2006)
- determine type/ severity of aphasia
- gives you an aphasia quotient and a cortical quotient
```
41
How do you assess Auditory phonological analysis
Minimal pairs
| Identifies if they can discriminate between speech sounds
42
How do you assess phonological input lexicon
Minimal pairs, repetition, word to picture matching
| Identifies if they recognise the form of words
43
How do you assess semantic input
Spoken word picture matching
Pyramid and palm trees
Synonyms
Identifies if person understands meaning of word
44
How do you assess semantic output
Boston naming
PALPA 53&54
Shows if they have the ability to name pictures and which word classes they struggle with
45
How do you assess phonological output lexicon
Boston naming, PALPA, repetition of real word
Assesses word retrieval and looks for semantic errors
46
How to assess phonological assembly
BNT, naming with length effects, repetition
Identifies phonological errors , conduite d’approche
Length effects
47
Name therapy ideas for improving comprehension
Minimal pairs
Phoneme discrimination
SWPM
Semantic tasks eg odd one out
48
Name some therapy ideas for expression
Naming
Cueing
Circumlocution
Self monitoring of spoken output
49
Name some semantic activity idea s
```
SWPM
Categorising
Identify item from description
Synonyms/ antonyms
Semantic feature analysis
VNeST - semantic Verb Therapy
```
50
Name some phonological task ideas
Segmentation
Repetition
Manipulation (what does the word sound like without the first syllable)
Rhyme
51
What factors affect spelling and reading difficulty
Irregular words
Imageability
Frequency
Length effect
52
What are the three types of dyslexia/ dysgraphia
Surface
Phonological
Deep
53
What is surface dyslexia / dysgraphia
- difficultly with irregular words
- reliable on regular words / non words
- regularise errors eg yacht =yot
54
What is phonological dyslexia / dysgraphia
Better performance on familiar regular/ irregular than unfamiliar or non word
If given non word will relate it to orthographically similar real word
55
What is deep dyslexia / dysgraphia
Some features of phonological eg impaired non word / imagability effects
Make semantic errors eg banana for apple
Visual error
- damage to lexical and sublexical route
56
What is graphemic buffer disorder
Impairment in short term holding mechanism while writing is being planned
Symptoms:
- length effect
- omissions
- transposition (letters wrong way round)
- words and non words equally effected
57
What writing assessments tasks are there?
Within PALPA, WAB, CAT
- writing to dictation
- written naming
- copying
- written picture description
58
What reading assessment tasks are there
Within PALPA, WAB, CAT
Reading aloud
Comprehension of written word/ sentence
Comprehension of paragraph- asked via Q&A
59
What are lexical therapies
Repeat exposure to target words
Eg naming, copying, read aloud
Eg CART (copy and recall)
Improvement usually item specific
60
What are phonological therapies
Strength sound to letter correspondence
Usually used with phonological / deep dyslexia
Only works with regular words
61
Name some aphasia therapy apps
React2
Cuespeak
Tactus
62
Name features of wernickes aphasia
```
Comprehension impaired
Fluent
Neologisms
Empty speech
Lack of awareness
Repetition impaired
```
63
Features of transcortical sensory aphasia
Resembles wernickes but repetition intact
| Echolalia
64
Features of anomic aphasia
Good comprehension
Good repetition
Word finding difficulties
Circumlocution
65
Features of conduction aphasia
Repetition severe (worsens with length)
Comprehension good
Phonemic and verbal paraphasia
Conduite d’approche
66
Features of jargon aphasia
```
Fluent but unintelligible
Perseveration
Meaningless speech
(Real words but not combined to make meaningful sentence)
Unable to monitor output
```
67
Features of brocas aphasia
```
Comprehension intact
Slow production
Limited word output
4 words or less per utterance
Perseveration
Agrammatic
Repetition poor
```
68
Features of transcortical motor aphasia
Repetition preserved
| Reduced speech output
69
Features of global aphasia
```
Effects comprehension and expression
Poor recovery rate
Automatic speech may be preserved
Functional communication Ax needed
(Work on gesture and training communication partner)
```
70
Features of primary progressive aphasia
A dementia
Deterioration of language function
Leads to total loss of language
( can be semantic, non fluent or logopenic)
71
What different types of impairment can there be with bilingual clients
Parallel impairment- equal difficulties in both
Differential impairment- one language more severe
Blended- mix up languages
Selective- only one affected other language normal
Successive recovery- one starts to recover when other is fully recovered
72
What assessments are there for bilingual clients
Bilingual aphasia test
73
What is impacted in a right hemisphere disorder
```
Visuospatial processing
Extralinguistic skill eg body language
Pragmatic
Processing emotional content
Non verbal memory
```
74
Assessment for right hemisphere disorders
The right hemisphere battery (1989)
