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Acquired Language Disorders > Aphasia > Flashcards

Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 key components are used to type aphasia?

A
  1. degree of AC deficits
  2. Degree of spontaneous OE
  3. Repetition ability, in contrast w/ spontaneous OE
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2
Q

Types of aphasia vary in the following areas:

A

presentation, modality of language that is impaired, site of lesion, concomitant diagnoses, and severity level

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3
Q

What are the 4 modalities affected by aphasia?

A

Listening, Reading, Speaking, Writing

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4
Q

What is auditory comprehension (AC)?

A

The ability to reliably understand meaning and intent of verbally-produced linguistic symbols

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5
Q

What is oral expression (OE)?

A

The ability to verbally produce symbolic representation of thought.

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6
Q

What two subcategories is OE divided into?

A

Fluent and Nonfluent

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7
Q

What characteristics are associated with fluent speech?

A
  1. Lengthy runs of speech
  2. free-flowing articulation
  3. ease of speech
  4. melodic, prosodic
  5. grammatical variety
  6. “normal” rate
  7. Posterior lesions
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8
Q

What characteristics are associated with nonfluent speech?

A
  1. Stilted, short runs of speech
  2. interrupted, awkward
  3. effortful
  4. limited grammar
  5. word retrieval deficits
  6. delayed rate of speech
  7. anterior lesions
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9
Q

People with nonfluent aphasia often have a _____________ too.

A

motor speech disorder

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10
Q

How does AC differ between fluent and nonfluent aphasia?

A

Typically, AC cannot be used to distinguish between fluent and nonfluent aphasia

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11
Q

What is Anomia?

A

A deficit in word retrieval with preserved repetition and spontaneous speech.

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12
Q

What are two general types of anomic errors?

A
  1. . Cannot retrieve the word

2. Pattern of substitution errors

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13
Q

Anomia can be ________ or _______ in relation to aphasia.

A
  • A symptom of an aphasia type

- A TYPE of aphasia (Anomic aphasia)

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14
Q

What characteristics are associated with anomia?

A
  1. may be delayed or unable to retrieve words
  2. may be specific to certain classes of words
  3. may talk around the problem
  4. may substitute general words for for specific
  5. NOT a phoneme problem
  6. IS a semantic, word-level deficit
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15
Q

What is circumlocution?

A

The DELIBERATE use of substitution words, in an attempt to get around a word retrieval problem

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16
Q

Almost every type of aphasia has some degree of _______ and some impairment in _________.

A
  1. Anomia

2. AC

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17
Q

What is paraphasia?

A

The production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during speech.

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18
Q

Paraphasia is generally found in ________.

A

fluent aphasia

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of paraphasias?

A
  1. Literal
  2. Verbal
  3. Neologistic
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20
Q

What problems are associated with a literal paraphasia?

A

phonemic substitutions, sequential errors (nen for pen or pet for pen)

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21
Q

What problems are associated with a neologistic paraphasia?

A

jargon substitutions (nonsense words) resulting from severe phonemic substitutions and/or mis-sequencing

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22
Q

What problems are associated with a verbal (semantic) paraphasia?

A

word substitutions, NOT a circumlocution

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23
Q

What is a perseverative paraphasia?

A

a previous response persists, interferes with retrieval of new response

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24
Q

What is sterotypic speech?

A
  • oral expression relegated to sub-propositional speech only
  • overlearned, rote production
  • may be limited to yes/no
  • nothing novel
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25
Q

What is a syntactic descriptor used to describe non-fluent oral expression?

A

Agrammatism

26
Q

What is agrammatism characterized by?

A
  1. omission of grammatical variety
  2. omission of function words (articles, prepositions, personal pronouns, verb inflections)
  3. lack of variety, clarity, specificity
  4. MLU is low
  5. telegraphic speech
  6. Results in a simplified version of intended message
27
Q

What is a syntactic descriptor typically used related to fluent oral expression?

A

Paragrammatism

28
Q

What is paragrammatism characterized by?

A
  1. ERRORS in grammar
  2. tense markers
  3. misuse of pronouns
  4. confused syntax
  5. oddly produced sentence forms
29
Q

What is repetition?

A

Repetition is a descriptor of oral expression. Repetition is the ability to reproduce, from auditory presentation, patterns of familiar speech sounds.

30
Q

Intact repetition requires _____

A

whole “circuit”

31
Q

What are some potential reasons for impaired repetition?

A
  1. Auditory perception or discrimination
  2. Auditory comprehension
  3. Formulation of message (Wernicke’s)
  4. Connection (arcute fasciculus) between comprehension and production areas
  5. Articulation/motor planning/organization (Broca’s)
  6. Working memory
32
Q

Repeating _____ correlate with understanding.

A

DOES NOT

33
Q

Oral reading and reading comprehension are ________.

A

DIFFERENT

34
Q

What is alexia?

A

An acquired reading disorder

35
Q

T/F

Every patient with aphasia will have some degree of alexia

A

TRUE

36
Q

What are the 3 types of alexia?

A
  1. Alexia with agraphia (parieto-temporal alexia)
  2. Alexia without agraphia (occipital alexia)k
  3. Frontal alexia
37
Q

Describe characteristics of alexia with agraphia (parieto-temporal)

A

impaired reading and writing

38
Q

Describe characteristics of alexia without agraphia (occipital alexia)

A

impaired reading, relatively preserved writing

39
Q

Describe characteristics of frontal alexia

A
  • Single word RC for content
  • Impaired RC for other parts of speech
  • Impaired writing
40
Q

What is agraphia?

A

An acquired impairment in written expression

41
Q

Agraphia can either by _________________ or _________________.

A

Left-hemisphere based

Right-hemisphere based

42
Q

True/False

Every patient with aphasia will have some degree of agraphia.

A

True

43
Q

True/False

A patient w/ only agraphia may not have any aphasia.

A

True

44
Q

What are the 4 main types of agraphia?

A
  1. Frontal agraphia
  2. Parietal agraphia
  3. Alexic-agraphia
  4. Apraxic-agraphia
45
Q

What is impaired in frontal agraphia?

A

Impaired motoric aspects of writing (spelling, formation)

46
Q

What is impaired in parietal agraphia?

A

Impaired access to, or organization of, graphemes to support meaning

47
Q

What is impaired in alexic-agraphia?

A

impaired reading and writing

48
Q

What is impaired in apraxic-agraphia?

A

impaired ability to plan/sequence writing movements, even gestures

49
Q

When typing aphasia, where do you start?

A

Site of lesion

50
Q

What are the two broad categories for site of lesion?

A

Anterior

Posterior

51
Q

What are the 4 main types of nonfluent aphasia?

A
  1. Broca’s aphasia
  2. Transcortical motor
  3. Global
  4. Transcortical mixed
52
Q

What 4 areas are used to type nonfluent aphasias?

A

Fluency, comprehension, repetition, and naming

53
Q

In Broca’s aphasia, what is typically spared?

A

Comprehension

54
Q

Name 5 key characteristics of Broca’s aphasia

A
  1. Agrammatism
  2. awkward, effortful articulation
  3. relatively intact AC & RC
  4. generally good awareness
  5. somewhat reduced prosody/melody
55
Q

What is agrammatism?

A

grammar is reduced to simplest forms, limited speech output

56
Q

How could oral expression be classified in Broca’s aphasia?

A

non-propositional speech, sterotypical phrases, telegraphic

57
Q

What diagnoses often co-occur with Broca’s aphasia?

A

Apraxia of speech, R hemiplegia, R hemiparesis, dsyarthria, depression

58
Q

What is relatively spared in clients with global aphasia?

A

Every area is somewhat IMPAIRED

59
Q

Name characteristics of patients with global aphasia

A
  1. Severe to profound deficits in all 4 modalities
  2. cannot communicate through symbolic language
  3. Likely nonverbal
  4. Usually alert and aware
  5. May gesture, use facial expressions, point
60
Q

What diagnoses often co-occur with Global aphasia?

A

Apraxia, Dysarthria, R hemiplegia, R hemiparesis

61
Q

What is the prognosis for global aphasia?

A

Poor

62
Q

Where is the SOL usually for Global Aphasia?

A

Perisylvian region

Often, lesions in subcortical white matter

Acquired Language Disorders (1 decks)

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