aphasia

Question 1

risk factors for stroke

Answer 1

• heart disease
• diabities
  -smoking
  -obesity
  -birth control pills
• male
• family history
• previous strokes

Question 2

stroke is the —– leading cause of death in the us

Answer 2

3rd

Question 3

coronal/frontal plane

Answer 3

vertical cut that divides into front and back

Question 4

sagittal/ mid sagittal plane

Answer 4

vertical cut that divides into right and left halves

Question 5

trnasverse/horizontal plane

Answer 5

divides into top and bottom halves

Question 6

anterior

Answer 6

toward the front of the body

Question 7

posterior

Answer 7

toward the back of the body

Question 8

superior

Answer 8

upper strucutures

Question 9

inferior

Answer 9

lower structures

Question 10

superficial

Answer 10

towards the surface

Question 11

seep

Answer 11

away from the surface

Question 12

dorsal

Answer 12

toward the backbone or back od the body

Question 13

ventral

Answer 13

away from the backbone

Question 14

afferent

Answer 14

towards the center - toward the brain

Question 15

efferent

Answer 15

away from the center- away from brain

Question 16

central nervous system

Answer 16

brain and spinal cord

Question 17

peripheral nervous system

Answer 17

cranial and spinal nerves that connect the brain with peripheral organs

Question 18

autonomic nervous system

Answer 18

part of the nervous system that controls bodily functions that are not consciously directed

Question 19

spinal cord (CNS)

Answer 19

• bundle of nerve fibers within the vertebral column
• lowest structure in the brainstem
• carry motor impulses to periphery and sensory information to the CNS

Question 20

brainstem

Answer 20

upper end of the spinal cord

contains
- medulla oblongata
-pons
-midbrain

Question 21

medulla oblongata

Answer 21

• lowest most caudal structure in the brainstem
• upward extension of the spinal cord
• contains all fibers that start in the brain and pass to the spinal cord
• controls autonomic functions

Question 22

pons

Answer 22

• located in the middle of the brainstem
• transmits inforamtion related to movement from the cerebrum to the cerebellum
• hearing and balance

Question 23

midbrain

Answer 23

• highest structure in the brainstem
• controls many sensory and motor functions

Question 24

cerebellum

Answer 24

• major portion of the hind brain
• located at the back of the brainstem
• named the little brain
• has two hemispheres
• has fissures
• grey matter at the surface
• white matter is deep
• part of the motor system
• implications of damage to the system: uncoordinated or abnormal voluntary movements and ataxic dysarthria

Question 25

diencephalon

Answer 25

- central nervous system - structure located between the brainstem and the cerebrum four main structures - thalamus -epithalamus - sub thalamus - hypothalamus

Question 26

thalamus

Answer 26

- integrates sensory information and relays it to the relevant cortical areas - integrates motor information from basal ganglia and relays it to the relevant cortical areas - role in consciousness and alertness

Question 27

basal ganglia

Answer 27

- cns - located deep within the brain near the thalamus - importnat role in modulating movement( produce inhibitory neurotransmitters)

Question 28

impairments in basal ganglia can result in

Answer 28

- dyskinesias -hypokinesia -bradykinesia associated with parkinson and huntington disease.

Question 29

white matter connecting fibers

Answer 29

the brain contains a network of white matter connecting fibers which connect different sections of the brain to another

Question 30

3 types of connecting fibers

Answer 30

1. projection fibers 2. association fibers 3. commissural fibers

Question 31

projection fibers

Answer 31

- connect the cortex to the brainstem - efferent projection fibers carry motor commands to the body - afferent projection fibers carry sensory information back to the cortex

Question 32

association fibers

Answer 32

- connect diffrent areas of the brain within the same hemisphere long association fibers are called fascicule 1. superior longitudinal fascicles ( arcuate fascicles ) 2. inferior longitudinal fascicules - uncinate fascicules

Question 33

commissural fibers

Answer 33

-connect the two hemispheres - corpus callosum is the most important, it is the largest and damage to the CC can result in movement, reading,and naming problems

Question 34

cerebral cortex

Answer 34

the main structure of the CNS it controls all higher brain functioning - divides into hemispheres

Question 35

white matter

Answer 35

deep transmits information

Question 36

grey matter

Answer 36

surface level processes and interprets information

Question 37

gyri

Answer 37

hills in the cortex

Question 38

sulci

Answer 38

grooves or valleys in the cortex

Question 39

fissures

Answer 39

deep sulcus

Question 40

longitudinal cerebral fissure

Answer 40

separates the left and right hemisphere

Question 41

central sulcus

Answer 41

divides the anterior and posterior halves of the hemisphere

Question 42

lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure

Answer 42

begins at the bottom of the frontal lobe and moves up - important as areas around this fissure are importnat for speech, language, and hearing

Question 43

frontal lobe structures

Answer 43

1. precentral gyrus 2. premotor cortex 3. prefrontal cortex 4.brocas area

Question 44

partial lobe structures

Answer 44

1. post central gyrus 2. supramargianl gyrus 3. angular gyrus 4. somatosensory association cortex

Question 45

temporal lobe structures

Answer 45

1. heschls gyri 2. audiotry assocaiton 3. wernicks 4. superior temporal gyri 5. medial temporal gyri 6. inferior temporal gyri

Question 46

occiipital lobe structures

Answer 46

1. primary visual cortex 2. visual assocation cortex

Question 47

insula cortex

Answer 47

role of the insula 1. sensorimotor fucntions 2. limbic system 3. gustatory fucntions

Question 48

perisylvian region

Answer 48

association cortex important for language