APGOVCh.2.Zugeyly.Ramirez

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government , co-authored the Federalist Papers, and served as the first secretary of the Treasury

Question 2

Anti-Federalist

Answer 2

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S constitution.

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

Mandates the states honor of the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. Includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions.

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

A written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

Question 12

Checks and Balances

Answer 12

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government of some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies

Question 14

Constitution

Answer 14

A document establishing the structure, functions and limitations of a government

Question 15

Constitutional Convention

Answer 15

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S Constitution

Question 16

Crispus Attucks

Answer 16

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770

Question 17

Critical Period

Answer 17

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation

Question 18

Declaration of Independence

Answer 18

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

Question 19

Electoral College

Answer 19

The system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has many electoral votes as it has members of Congress

Question 20

Enumerated Powers

Answer 20

The powers of the national government specifically grated to Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution

Question 21

Federalism

Answer 21

The distribution of constitutional authority between state government and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both

Question 22

Federalists

Answer 22

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party

Question 23

The Federalist Papers

Answer 23

A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S Constitution

Question 24

First Confidential Congress

Answer 24

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifth-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a restitution in opposition to the Coercive Acts

Question 25

French and Indian War

Answer 25

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies

Question 26

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 26

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other states

Question 27

George Washington

Answer 27

Considered the father of the nation, was commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the constitutional convention

Question 28

Great Compromise

Answer 28

Final decision of Constitutional Convention to create a two-house-legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme

Question 29

Implied Powers

Answer 29

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution

Question 30

Inherent Powers

Answer 30

The powers of the national government in the field of affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government.

Question 31

James Madison

Answer 31

Father of the constitution; leading federalist; author of the Bill of Rights

Question 32

John Jay

Answer 32

A member of the founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the U.S; diplomat and father of the Federalist Papers

Question 33

Lexington and Concord

Answer 33

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775

Question 34

Mercantilism

Answer 34

An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 35

Montesquieu

Answer 35

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 36

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 36

Final par. of Article I, section 8,; gives Congress authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in Constitution

Question 37

New Jersey Plan

Answer 37

Plan to amend the Articles of Confederation; it maintained equal representation of the states

Question 38

New World

Answer 38

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called the Americas; unknown to European before 1492

Question 39

Political Culture

Answer 39

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate

Question 40

Samuel Adams

Answer 40

Cousin of president John Adams and leader against the British and loyalist oppressors: key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence

Question 41

Second Continental Congress

Answer 41

Meeting that convened Philadelphia on May 10,1775; decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

Question 42

Separation of powers

Answer 42

The splitting of political powers between different branches of government and different levels of government

Question 43

Shays Rebellion

Answer 43

Showed weakness of the government, was led by Daniel Shays it was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of

Question 44

Social Contract Theory

Answer 44

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

Question 45

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 45

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries

Question 46

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 46

Gathering of nine colonial reps. where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted.First oficial step toward creating a unified nation

Question 47

Supremacy Clause

Answer 47

Mandating national law is Supreme over all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government

Question 48

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 48

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice pres. of the U.S; third pres. of U.S from 1801-1809; Co-founder of the Democratic Republican Party

Question 49

Thomas Paine

Answer 49

Influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain

Question 50

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 50

Agreement reacted at the constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S

Question 51

Virginia Plan

Answer 51

A proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states; called for a bicameral legislature to appoint executive and judicial officers