APGOVCh.2.Kamari.Blankenship

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

a key framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored “The Federalist Papers”, and served as the first Secretary of the Treasury

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

Vests all legislative powers in the Congress and establishes a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives; it also sets out the qualification for holding office in each house, the terms of office, the methods of selection of representatives and senators, and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of Representatives

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 sets the president’s term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removed from office

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

establishes a Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

mandates that states honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. also includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

Specifies how amendments can be added to the Constitution

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions

Question 9

French and Indian War

Answer 9

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 10

Mercantilism

Answer 10

An economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 11

Samuel Adams

Answer 11

Cousin of President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics.

Question 12

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 12

meeting of representatives of 9 of the 13 colonies held in NYC in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights have been violated

Question 13

Constitution

Answer 13

a document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government

Question 14

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 14

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American Colonists who were early revolutionaries.

Question 15

Lexington and Concord

Answer 15

before the 2nd continental congress could meet, fighting broke out beginning with the ‘shot heard around the world’, Boston was sieged.

Question 16

Second Continental Congress

Answer 16

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1775 at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

Question 17

Second Continental Congress

Answer 17

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1775 at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

Question 18

Thomas Paine

Answer 18

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

Question 19

Common Sense

Answer 19

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies.

Question 20

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 20

Author of the Declaration of Independence who believed that the unalienable rights of the colonists had been disturbed

Question 21

Declaration of Independence

Answer 21

Document drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

Question 22

Social Contract Theory

Answer 22

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

Question 23

Political Culture

Answer 23

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate.

Question 24

Articles of Confederation

Answer 24

The compact among the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states

Question 25

Critical Period

Answer 25

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 26

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 26

A 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from force closing mortgages on their farms.

Question 27

Constitutional Convention

Answer 27

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution.

Question 28

George Washington

Answer 28

Widely considered the “Father of the Nation,” he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States’ first president from 1789 to 1797

Question 29

Virginia Plan

Answer 29

a proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers

Question 30

New Jersey Plan

Answer 30

a framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life

Question 31

Great Compromise

Answer 31

the final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme

Question 32

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 32

agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S House of Representatives

Question 33

Electoral College

Answer 33

the system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress

Question 34

Montesquieu

Answer 34

the french baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances

Question 35

Federalism

Answer 35

the distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both

Question 36

Separation of Powers

Answer 36

a way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution

Question 37

Enumerated Powers

Answer 37

the powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution

Question 38

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 38

the final paragraph of Article I , section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause

Question 39

implied powers

Answer 39

the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 40

inherent powers

Answer 40

powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution

Question 41

full faith and credit clause

Answer 41

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 42

supremacy clause

Answer 42

portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government

Question 43

Federalists

Answer 43

those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party

Question 44

James Madison

Answer 44

a key Framer often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co-authored “The Federalist Papers”; served as secretary of state; served as the fourth U.S. president from 1809 to 1817

Question 45

John Jay

Answer 45

a member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief of Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of “The Federalist Papers”

Question 46

The Federalist Papers

Answer 46

A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution.