APGovCh.2.Angelina.Zamora Flashcards
Alexander Hamilton
A key farmer who envisioned a powerful central government, co authored the federalists papers and served as the first secretary of the treasury.
Anti-Federalists
Those who favored strong state government and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S Constitution.
Article 1
Vests all legislative powers in the congress and est. a bicameral legislature consisting of the senate and the House of representatives; it also sets out the qualifications for holding office in each house, the terms of office the methods of selection of representatives and senators and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of representatives.
Article 2
Vests the executive power that is the authority to execute the laws of the nation in a president of the United States sections 1 sets the presidents term of the office and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case f death disability or removal from the office.
Article 3
Establishes a supreme court and defines its jurisdiction.
Article 4
Mandates the states honor of the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. It also includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.
Article 5
Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution
Article 6
Contains the supremacy clause which asserts the basic primacy of the constitution mandating the national law over state laws and constitutions.
Articles of Confederation
The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship with the national government drawing its powers from the states.
Benjamin Franklin
A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at he constitutional convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754 , 22 years before the declaration of independence.
Bill Of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the U.S Constitution which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.
Checks and Balances
A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others
Common sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies.
Constitution
A document establishing the structure functions and limitations of the government
Constitutional Convention
The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document , the constitution
Crispus Attucks
An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770
Critical Period
The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the american revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation
Declaration of Independence
Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from great Britain.
Electoral College
The system est. by the constitution through which the president is chosen by electors of each state which has as as many electoral votes as it has members of congress.
Enumerated Powers
The powers of the national government specifically granted to congress in article 1 section 8 of the constitution
Federalism
Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the posed U.S. constitution later became the first U.S political party.
Federalists
Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S constitution later became the first U.S political part
The Federalists Papers
a series of 85 political essays written by Alexander Hamilton James Madison and john jay in support of ratification of the U.S Constitution
First Continental congress
Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to Oct 26 1774 in which 56 delegated from every colony except GA adopted a resolution in opposition to the coercive Acts
French and Indian war
The American Phase of what was called the 7 years war fought from 1754 to 1763 between the British and french with Indian allies
Full faith and credit clause
section 4 of the constitution that ensures Judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other states
George Washington
considered the father of the Nation commander of revolutionary army ; served as the presiding officer of the constitutional convention; 1st president of US 1789-97
Great Compromise
The final decision of the constitution convention to create a two house legislature with a lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme
Implied Powers
the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause
Inherent powers
Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the constitution
James Madison
A key framer often called the father of the constitution for his role in conceptualizing he federal government Co-authored the federalist papers and served as the secretary of state and 4th president of the US from 1809 to 1817
John Jay
A member of the founding generation who was the first chief justice of the U.S. A diplomat and co-author of the federalist papers
Lexington and Concord
The first sight of armed conflicts between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775
Mercantilism
An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade
Montesquieu
French Baron and political theorist who 1st articulated the concept of separated of powers with checks and balances
Necessary and proper clause
Final paragraph in article 1 section 8 of the constitution gives congress authority to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry enumerated powers specified in the constitution AKA the elastic clause
New jersey plan
A framework for the constitution proposed by a group of small states; a called fro a one house legislature with one vote for each state, a congress with the ability to raise revenue and a supreme court appointed for life
New world
The western Hemisphere of earth, also called the Americans which was unknown to Europeans before 1492
Political Culture
Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate
Samuel Adams
Cousin of president John Adams an in early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; He played a key role in developing the committees of Correspondence and was active in MA and colonial politics
Second Continental Congress
Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on may 10th 1775 at which it was decided in which an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief
Seperation of powers
A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative executive and judicial branches each staffed separate with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the constitution
Shays Rebellion
A rebellion in which an army of 1500 disgruntled and angry frames lead by Daniel shays marched to Springfield MA and restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms
Social Contract theory
The belief that government exist based on the consent of the governed
Sons and Daughters of liberty
Loosely organized groups of patriotic colonist who were early revolutionaries
Stamp act congress
A gathering of 9 colonial representatives in 1765 in NY city where a Detailed list of crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonist and the first official step toward Creation a unified nation
Supremacy Clause
Portion of article 6 of the constitution mandating the national law is supreme over all of their laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of the government
Thomas Jefferson
Principle drafter of the declaration of independence; second vise president of the united states; 3rd president of the united sates from 1801-1809 co founder of the democratic republican party to oppose federalist
Thomas Paine
The influential writer of common sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from great Britain
Three fifths compromise
Agreement reached at the constitutional convention stipulating the 3/5 of total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population fro representation i the U.S House of representatives.
Virginia Plan
A proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states called for a bicameral legislator which would appoint executive and judicial officers
