APGovch.2.Andrew.Sanchez Flashcards
Alexander Hamilton
1789-1795 was a founding father of the united states of America one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the constitution the founder of the nation financial system, and 1st American of the political party. establish the national bank.
Anti-Federalists
Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry.
Article I
The U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. Congress has two parts, called “Houses,” the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Article II
The President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress.
Article III
The Supreme Court decides court cases according to US Constitution. The courts under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the correct federal, state, and local laws.
Article IV
States have the power to make and carry out their own laws.
Article V
The Constitution can be changed. New amendments can be added to the US Constitution with the approval by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress (967,281) and three-fourth vote by the states (38).
Article VI
The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution.
Articles of Confederation
This document, the nation’s first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage.
Benjamin Franklin
American publisher, inventor and statesman from Massachusetts; signed the Declaration of Independence, traveled to France to ask for French support during the American Revolution, and helped write the Constitution.
Bill of Rights
The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution spell out Americans’ rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion.
Checks and Balances
This system gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches.
Common Sense
Hopes of convincing public for a swift change in government - revolution - so they can have independence - self rule.
Constitution
A basic plan of government.
Constitutional Convention
Meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution.
Crispus Attucks
First colonist to be killed during the Boston Massacre.
Critical Period
Refers to the 1780’s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance; large amounts of debt, high taxes, foreign affairs, domestic issues, and military concerns were some of the problems Americans faced shortly after the Revolution; these concerns prompted calls for a more vigorous national government that eventually resulted in the Constitution in 1787.
Declaration of Independence
It is a document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of a new country, the USA.
Electoral College
The body of elector chosen from each state to elect the president and vice president of the U.S.
Enumerated Powers
Specific powers granted to congress under Article I, section 8, of the constitution; these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense.
Federalism
A form of government in which power is divided between the federal government and the states.
Federalists
Americans who initially believed in the constitution’s system of government and who thought the AOC did not support the country effectively.
The Federalist Papers
This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution.
First Continential Congress
The First Continental Congress resulted in an agreement that led to a boycott on the Great Britain. The event took place in Pennsylvania.
It took place in the Carpenters Hall.
French and Indian War
The war fought for control of eastern North America between Britain and France and their Indian allies from 1754-1763. Expensive war to protect colonies is ultimately a cause of the American Revolution.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Constitution’s requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.
George Washington
Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, leader of the Constitutional Convention, and the first President of the United States. His first inauguration was held in New York City. His second one was held in Philadelphia. He never lived in the White House or Washington, D.C. His farewell address set an important precedent and message for future Presidents.
Great Compromise
The agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population).
Implied Powers
Those delegated powers of the National government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those “necessary and proper” to carry out the expressed powers.
Inherent Powers
Powers the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community.
James Madison
James Madison is known as the “father of the constitution.” He had a leading role at the convention. He was a federalist and switched over to a democratic republican once the first political parties were formed. He wrote the bill of rights From Virginia.
John Jay
This man played an important role in the establishment of the new government under the Constitution. One of the authors of The Federalist Papers, he was involved in the drafting of the Constitution. He was also the first chief justice of the Supreme Court.
Lexington and Concord
The British goal was to destroy all the guns and ammunition in Concord and to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock.
Mercantilism
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
Montesquieu
- believed in three-part government – legislative, executive, and judicial
- separation of governmental powers
- U.S. government based on his suggested structure
- wrote On the Spirit of Laws
- Believed in the rights of the individual
- influence the writing of constitutions of many countries including the United States
Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause has been interpreted in a way that gives Congress many powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. … Also called the Elastic Clause, this clause allows Congress to decide how it should carry out the many powers given to it by the Constitution.
New Jersey Plan
Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn’t want to be bullied by larger states.
New World
The Americas (North America, Central America, South America)
Political Culture
A coherent way of thinking about how politics and government ought to be carried out.
Samuel Adams
A political leader during the American Revolution, helped organize colonist to fight for Americas independence, also signed the declaration or independence
Second Continental Congress
Met in 1775. They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence.
Separation of Powers
The powers of the national government are divided into three distinct branches.
Shays’ Rebellion
This conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes.
Social Contract Theory
The authority to rule is granted to the government by the people who make a contract with the government. Each side has obligations which must be met for the contract to be valid.
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
People who were brought together as a response of the Stamp Act. They were common people.
Stamp Act Congress
Anything involving paper was taxed (legal documents, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, dice, etc.)
Supremacy Clause
Eventually somebody had the Bojangles to oppose England and their Fundraiser. The people with the Bojangles Started the Stamp Act Congress. It included 27 representatives of the 13 Colonies. Virginia, North Carolina. and Georgia where the three missing colonies. Their coming together alerted the British, they didn’t think that they could come together and all co-operate together
Thomas Paine
Known for his literary contributions to the revolutionary cause.Common Sense and The American Crisis.
Three-Fifths Compromise
A compromise where every 5 enslaved people counted as 3 in the states population.
