APGov Ch.2. Jazmin Castellanos

Question 1

Crispus Attucks

Answer 1

Crispus Attucks was an American stevedore of African and Native American descent, widely regarded as the first person killed in the Boston massacre and thus the first American killed in the American Revolution.

Question 2

Critical Period

Answer 2

a period during someone’s development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.

Question 3

Declaration of Independence

Answer 3

the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. An example of the Declaration of Independence was the document adopted at the Second Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776.

Question 4

Electoral College

Answer 4

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

Question 5

enumerated powers

Answer 5

The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution are sometimes called ‘delegated’ or ‘expressed powers,’ but most often they are known as ‘enumerated powers,’ and they describe how a central government with three distinct branches can operate effectively

Question 6

federalism

Answer 6

the federal principle or system of government.

Question 7

Federalists

Answer 7

a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.

Question 8

The Federalists Papers

Answer 8

A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in the late 1780s to persuade the voters of New York to adopt the Constitution.

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

Question 10

French and Indian War

Answer 10

A series of military engagements between Britain and France in North America between 1754 and 1763. The French and Indian War was the American phase of the Seven Years’ War, which was then underway in Europe.

Question 11

full faith and credit clause

Answer 11

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Question 12

George Washington

Answer 12

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) Synonyms: President Washington, Washington Example of: full general, general. a general officer of the highest rank.

Question 13

Great Compromise

Answer 13

was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States …

Question 14

implied powers

Answer 14

powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.

Question 15

inherent powers

Answer 15

are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.

Question 16

James Madison

Answer 16

James Madison Jr. was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights

Question 17

John Jay

Answer 17

was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795).

Question 18

Lexington and Concord

Answer 18

The first battle of the Revolutionary War, fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775. British troops had moved from Boston toward Lexington and Concord to seize the colonists’ military supplies and arrest revolutionaries.

Question 19

mercantilism

Answer 19

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

Question 20

Montesquieu

Answer 20

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755) Synonyms: Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat Example of: philosopher. a specialist in philosophy.

Question 21

necessary and proper clause

Answer 21

A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution.

Question 22

New Jersey Plan

Answer 22

was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.

Question 23

New World

Answer 23

any new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power.

Question 24

political culture

Answer 24

The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens relate to governments and to one another. Social capital – Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations.

Question 25

Samuel Adams

Answer 25

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803) Synonyms: Adams, Sam Adams Example of: American Revolutionary leader. a nationalist leader in the American Revolution and in the creation of the United States.

Question 26

Second Continental Congress

Answer 26

a convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that formed in Philadelphia in May 1775, soon after the launch of the American Revolutionary War. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met between September and October of 1774.

Question 27

separation of powers

Answer 27

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Question 28

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 28

In 1787, poor farmers from western Massachusetts fighting against high taxes followed Daniel Shays in an attempt to seize the arms stockpiled at the Springfield Armory.

Question 29

social contract theory

Answer 29

Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.

Question 30

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 30

They were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. Like other secret clubs at the time, the Sons of Liberty had many rituals. They had secret code words, medals, and symbols. Originally formed in response to the Stamp Act, their activities were far more than ceremonial.

Question 31

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 31

passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship’s papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed.

Question 32

supremacy clause

Answer 32

The clause in United States Constitution’s Article VI, stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme law of the land.”

Question 33

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 33

A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party. Jefferson was principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.

Question 34

Thomas Paine

Answer 34

American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist’s fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)

Question 35

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 35

outlined the process for states to count slaves as part of the population in order to determine representation and taxation for the federal government.

Question 36

Virginia Plan

Answer 36

The Virginia Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Question 37

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 37

United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804) Synonyms: Hamilton Example of: national leader, solon, statesman. a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs.

Question 38

Anti-Federalists

Answer 38

anti-federalists were those who opposed the development of a strong federal government and the ratification of the Constitution in 1788, preferring instead for power to remain in the hands of state and local governments.

Question 39

Article I

Answer 39

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

Question 40

Article II

Answer 40

Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President

Question 41

Article III

Answer 41

Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason

Question 42

Article IV

Answer 42

Relation of the states to each other and to the federal government, guarantees to the states, and government of the territories

Question 43

Article V

Answer 43

Method of Amending the Constitution. Guarantee of equal representation of the states in the U.S. Senate.

Question 44

Article VI

Answer 44

Provision for national debts. Supremacy of the United States Constitution, federal laws and treaties. Pledge of national and state officials to uphold the constitution. No religious test required as qualification for public office

Question 45

Articles of Confederation

Answer 45

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution

Question 46

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 46

an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.343w

Question 47

Bill of Rights

Answer 47

the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.

Question 48

checks and balances

Answer 48

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

Question 49

Common Sense

Answer 49

good sense and sound judgment in practical matters.

Question 50

Constitution

Answer 50

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Question 51

Constitutional Convention

Answer 51

The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.j