APES Unit 3 Flashcards
Generalist habitat
Tend to be advantaged in habitats that are changing.
Specialist Habitat
Tend to be advantaged in habitats that remain constant..
K selected species
Those present in stable and predictable environments that produce fewer offspring, have longer gestation periods, and provide long-term care after birth.
r selected species
Those that emphasize high growth rates, typically exploit less-crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood.
which selected species are more adversely affected by invasive species
k selected species
which selected species are more likely invasive species
r selected species
Survivorship curve definition
Shows the percentages of members of population surviving at different ages.
which selected species are typically predators
k selected species
which species are known as alien species
invasive species
which selected species are late loss species
r selected species
Carrying Capacity
Maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period
Overshoot
When a population exceeds its carrying capacity carrying capacity
What is one environmental impact of an overshoot
resource depletion
What is a major ecological effect of population overshoot?
dieback of the population because the lack of resources available causes famine, disease, conflict
Fecundity
The ability to produce an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertility.
Fertility
Number of offspring produced by a single female.
Total Fertility Rate TFR
number of children born to an average woman in a population during her lifetime. Not to be confused with replacement-level fertility rate.
Factors that affect TFR
Age at which females have their first child.
Educational opportunities for females.
Access to family planning,
Government acts and policies.
Infant Mortality Rate
Number of babies out of every thousand born each year who die before their first birthday.
Birth rate
The total number of individuals born in a population in a given amount of time.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
Death Rate
The total number of deaths in a population in a given amount of time.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
Change in population =
{(Births + Immigrants) - (Deaths + Emmigrants)}
Growth Rate =
(Crude Birth Rate – Crude Death Rate + Net Migration Rate)/10
Factors Limiting Global Human Population
earths carrying capacity and malthusian theory
what is malthusian theory
the idea that population growth is potentially exponential while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population die off.
Density dependent - how density affects population
Clean water
Clean air
Food availability
Disease transmission
Territory size
Density independent - how density affects population
Major storms
Fires
Heatwaves
Droughts
of year until population doubles =
70/growth rate
Developing Country- Predominantly Agricultural
High infant mortality rates
More children in the workforce
Less healthcare and food production
Typically faster growth rates
Lower income
Typically lower literacy rates
Developed Country - Predominantly Industry
Low infant mortality rates
Less children in the workforce
Better healthcare and food production
Typically slower growth rates
Higher income
Typically higher literacy rates
