Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Apes > Apes SOIL > Flashcards

Apes SOIL Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

The mechanical breakdown of rock through wind, water, temperature, or biological components. Increases surface area for more weathering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of physical weathering

A

Water freezing in cracks of rocks
Expanding and contracting minerals from temperature
Burrowing animals
Plant roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical weathering

A

The breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both. Occurs on newly exposed (primary) minerals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What primary minerals is found in granite rock

A

feldspar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does chemical weathering do?

A

Alters the primary minerals to form a secondary mineral and ionic forms of their constituent chemical element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when feldspar is exposed to natural acids in rain?

A

Forms clay particles as a secondary mineral, and releases ions such as potassium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of chemical weathering

A

Natural acids in rains reacting with minerals
Lichens producing weak acids (soft gravestones, masonry)
Acid precipitation, or acid rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which rocks weather quickly?

A

Rocks with compounds that dissolve easily , such as calcium carbonate (found in limestone). EX: carbonic acid in water from vaporized carbon dioxide dissolves limestone when it’s cracks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acid precipitation or acid rain from

A

Humans release sulfer from fossil fuel combustion + 02= sulfer dioxide = sulfuric acid. Similar emissions of nitrous oxide and water vapor form nitric acid. Leads to high concentrations of these acid, and are responsible for rapid degradation of many old statues, gravestones, limestone an dmarble structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is erosion

A

physical removal of rock fragments from landscape/ecosystem, which accumulates in are of deposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of soil erosion

A

winter, water and ice move soil down the slope with gravity
animals burrow under soil
Deforestation, overgrazing, unmanaged construction activity and road building.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cations are

A

positively charged mineral ions. Can be used as nutrients by the plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parent Material

A

original rocks that were broken down to form the basis of the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Soil is formed when….

A

Parent Material is weathered, transported and deposited, with the accumulation of organic matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factor in soil formation (PARENT MATERIAL)

A

Soil tends to retain basic properties of these rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factor is soil formation (CLIMATE)

A

Average temperature and moisture change rate of weathering and leaching (nutrients in water), wind redistribution as well.

17
Q

Factor in soil formation (TOPOGRAPHY)

A

Slope of land may affect erosion

18
Q

Factor in soil formation (ORGANISMS - Bioloigical)

A

Plants, animals, microrganisms

19
Q

Time

A

Soil formation is continuous, there is no end.

20
Q

What is a soil profile?

A

The soil horizons built over time (common layers)

21
Q

O Horizon

A

Organic Matter

22
Q

A Horizon

A

(Surface Horizon) - lots of humus and organic material.

23
Q

B Horizon

A

(Subsoil) mix of rock and organic material.

24
Q

C Horizon

A

Substrata - mostly parent material

25
Q

Order of particle size in soil, largest to smallest

A

Sand (2 to 0.05mm) , Silt ( 0.05mm to 0.002mm), caly (less than 0.002mm)

26
Q

Large particle size permeability?

A

(sand) allow water to pass through quickly

27
Q

Smaller particle size permeability?

A

(clay) doesn’t allow water pass through easily

28
Q

What determines soil type?

A

The percentage of sand, silt, and clay using a soil triangle.

29
Q

Loam is

A

A combination of sand, silt, and clay.

30
Q

Percolation and infiltration can be determined by

A

Percentage of sand, silt, and clay

31
Q

Percolation

A

Movement of water into ground

32
Q

Define percolation

A

movement of water into ground

33
Q

Define infiltration

A

movement of ions or chemicals through percolation

34
Q

What is soil composition?

A

The percentage of sand, silt, and clay.

Apes (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions