APES Essential Vocab/Terms Flashcards
Organic
Complex molecules derived from or produced by living organisms that have carbon-hydrogen bonds
Inorganic
Simple molecules derived from nonliving components, that have no carbon-hydrogen bonds
Natural
Existing in or caused by nature, not by humankind
Synthetic
Not real or genuine; artificial
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Potential energy
Energy that is stored
Radioactive decay
The random process in which a nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation
Half life
The time it takes for 1/2 of the mass of a radioisotope to decay
Law of Conservation of Matter
The amount of matter stays the same, even when matter changes form
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
When energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded to lower quality energy
Entropy
The amount of disorganization present in a system
Organism
An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring
Population
All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves
Community
An interacting group of various species in a shared or common location
Ecosystem
A community of organisms together with their physical environment
Producers/Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food, also known as autotrophs
Consumers/Heterotrophs
Organisms that eat other living things, also known as heterotrophs
Decomposers
An organisms that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter
Photosynthesis reactants
- Sunlight
- Water
- Co2
Photosynthesis products
- Glucose
- Oxygen
Cellular respiration reactants
- Oxygen
- Glucose
Cellular respiration products
- Carbon dioxide
- ATP
- Water
Aerobic
Living, acting or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic
Living, acting, or occurring without oxygen
Adaptation
Modification of an organism, making it more fit under the conditions of its environment
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Gene
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity
Trait
A specific characteristic of an individual
Chromosome
The vehicle that carries DNA wrapped around by histone proteins
Gene pool
The combination of all the genes, including alleles, present in a reproducing population of species