apes 1.3

Question 1

salinity

Answer 1

how much salt there is in the water, determines which species can survive and usability for drinking

Question 2

depth

Answer 2

influences how much sunlight can penetrate and reach plants below the surface for photosynthesis

Question 3

flow

Answer 3

determines which plants and organisms can survive, how much 02 can dissolve into water

Question 4

temperature

Answer 4

warmer water holds less dissolved 02 so it can support fewer aquatic organisms

Question 5

rivers

Answer 5

high 02 due to flow mixing water and air, also carries nutrient-rich sediments (deltas and floodplains = fertile soil)

Question 6

littoral zone

Answer 6

shallow water with emergent plants

Question 7

limnetic zone

Answer 7

where light can reach rooted plants, only phytoplankton

Question 8

profundal zone

Answer 8

too deep for sunlight (no photosynthesis)

Question 9

Benthic zone

Answer 9

murky bottom where bugs live, nutrient-rich sediments

Question 10

wetland

Answer 10

area with soil submerged/saturated in water for at least part of the year, but shallow enough for emergent plants
-plants living there have to have adaptations to living with roots submerged in standing water (cattails, lily pads, reeds)

Question 11

benefits of wetlands

Answer 11

-stores excess water during storms, lessening floods
-recharges groundwater by absorbing rainfall into soil
-roots of wetlands plants filter pollutants from water draining through
-high plant growth due to lots of water and nutrients (dead organic matter in sediments)

Question 12

Estatuaries

Answer 12

areas where rivers empty into the ocean
-mix of fresh and saltwater
-high productivity (plant growth) due nutrients in sediments deposited in estaturies by river

Question 13

salt marshes

Answer 13

estuary habitat along coast in temperate climates; breeding ground for many fish shellfish species

Question 14

mangroves

Answer 14

estuary habitat along coast of tropical climates, mangrove trees have long stilt roots stabilize shoreline and provide habitat for many species of fish and shellfish

Question 15

Name saltwater biomes

Answer 15

intertidal zones, coral reefs, open ocean

Question 16

Intertidal zones

Answer 16

narrow bond of coastline between high and low tide; organisms must be adapted to survive crashing waves, direct sunlight, nd heat during low tide (ex. shells and tough outer skin to prevent drying out)

Question 17

coral reefs

Answer 17

warm shallow waters beyond shoreline; most diverse marine biome, mutualistic relationship between coral and algae

Question 18

open ocean

Answer 18

low productivity, only algae and phytoplankton can survive in most of the ocean; algae and phytoplankton of ocean produce a lot of earth’s O2 and absorb a lot of atmospheric CO2; photic zone= area where sunlight can reach photosynthesis, aphotic zone (abyssal) area too deep for sunlight